The Expansion of Colonial

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CHAPTER 4

• The Expansion of Colonial
• British America
• Those who give up essential liberty to purchase a
  little temporary safety deserve neither liberty
  nor safety. Benjamin Franklin
• 1720 - 1763

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Chapter Review

• Trace how the work of Isaac Newton and John Locke
  helped facilitate a renewed colonial interest in
  education and religion.
• Discuss the similarities and differences in
  educational systems between New England and the
  Chesapeake.
• Discuss the impact of the Great Awakening on
  colonial life and its effect on the social fabric
  of colonial life.
• Trace the growth of the African American
  population. Show how patterns of community, work
  and culture contributed both to stability and
  tension among the slaves.
• Identify the various wars for empire that arose
  between and among the Europeans and Native
  Americans, and between Britain and Spain.
• Explain the economy and politics of the British
  colonies in 1763. This weeks video answers
  this question. There is also excellent data
  about this question at the end of the chapter.

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I. Intellectual Trends in the Eighteenth Century

• Enlightenment comes to England via the ideas of
  Sir Isaac Newton and John Locke
• Education in colonies slowly gains in importance,
  and Harvard is established
• Scientific study increases in America
• Practice of medicine evolves, with men dominating
  the field and relegating women to midwifery

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II. The Great Awakening

• Middle Colonies become religiously diverse
• English preachers bring Great Awakening to
  America during 1720s to 1760s
• George Whitefield is most famous minister
• Revivals lead to breakup of some congregations,
  challenges to governmental authority, and
  establishment of more colleges

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Government and Religion in the British Colonies,
1720
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III. Cultural Diversity and Expansion

• German and Scots-Irish bring distinct cultures to
  Pennsylvania and the frontier
• Georgia becomes last British colony, serving as
  haven for debtors and buffer zone between British
  and Spanish
• Rising African American population influences
  society in many ways
• Native Americans face new onslaught from
  ministers and settlers

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German and Scots-Irish Immigrants c. 1760
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African American Population c. 1760
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IV. Wars for Empire

• European wars bleed over into America
• English tend to trade with Native Americans on
  southern frontier, but seek to oust Spanish
• Colonists help Britain defeat France in King
  Georges War, then lose heart when British return
  captured fort of Louisbourg

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North America in 1750
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• Seven Years War pits French and Native Americans
  against British for control of Ohio Valley, and
  British prevail
• Treaty of Paris (1763) ends fighting, but
  continued Native American resistance leads to
  Proclamation of 1763, prohibiting British
  settlement west of Appalachian Mountains

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Seven Years War in North America
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V. The British Provinces in 1763

• Colonists experience consumer revolution after
  war
• Smuggling leads to greater British attention
• Political situations become more complex, and
  tensions increase between colonists and Parliament

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Growth of Population to 1760
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