SISTEMA NACIONAL DE EDUCACION

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THE CUBAN NATIONAL SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
MPh. Irma González Carmenate University of
Havana Ministry of Higher Education e-mail
irmagglez_at_yahoo.es iglez_at_fisica.uh.cu
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POLITICAL DIVISION OF CUBA
The Republic of Cuba has 14 provinces, 169
municipalities and one Special Municipality
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The geography The Cuban archipelago, is formed
by the island of Cuba, the largest of the
Antilles, and 4 195 keys and small islands.
Area 110 992 km² Cuba is a long and narrow
island (1 200 km from east to west, the widest
part is 210 km and the narrowest 32 km. There
are plains and 4 important mountain groups, and
the highest point the Pico Turquino, at 1 974
m above sea level. The landscapes are of
diverse types and change from semi-deserted to
semitropical forest.The country has a high
biodiversity and its ecosystems are protected.
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Flora and Fauna Rich and varied . Cuba has
more than 300 protected areas approximately 22
of the national territory with six named
zones are reserves of Biosphere and protected
by UNESCO. More than 50 of the flora and
fauna is endemic. Official language Spanish
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Population The density of population is 100,3
habitants / km2
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NATIONAL CUBAN SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
Half of the children of school age (800 000)
didnt go to the schools. More than 9 000
teachers were unemployed.
1961 THE CAMPAIGN OF LITERACY 1 000 000 people
learned to read and write.
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The National Cuban System of Education
It Is designed in order to learn and to form
values
The education is a right of all citizens
All citizens have the responsibility to educate
others
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Essential Topics of the Cuban educational model

1. The development of education through teaching
   and learning

2. The curriculum includes time for classes and
time to work outside as a way to educate for
life.
3.The University is integrated with society,
preparing the future professional.
4. Integral Formation ( values, general and
professional culture)
Formation of values The development of the
feeling (development of the human values) and of
the thought (the system of abilities)
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The subsystems of the national Cuban education
system
.

• PRE-SCHOOL
• PRIMARY
• SECONDARY
• SPECIAL SCHOOLS
• EDUCATIONAL FORMATION
• TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL
• PRE-UNIVERSITY
• HIGHER EDUCATION
• ADULT

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there were 15 000 new classrooms With 1000 000
students.
In 1961
there were 2 386 000 students from Pre-scholar to
pre-university
In 2003
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In 2004
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Fundamental principles that form the basis of the
Cuban System of Education.
Looking to increase the level of the general
integral culture
These are

• The use of the PC
• In all the subsystems
• To study Computing
• Educational software
• As a tool to study all the subjects

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• The use of the TV and video
• Video-class
• High quality
• High quantity
• Contribute to consistency of teaching levels
• Can be viewed by various audiences (students,
  adults)

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No more than 20 pupils in a classroom
Assistant Teacher
The program EDUCATE YOUR CHILD
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This is supported by
Publication of educational text-books increased
considerably
6 500 PhD (1 PhD/1725 habitants)
Great development in Education. There is one
Educational Research Centre in each university
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• We have an intensive interaction with the
  educators in Latin America and with the other
  countries in the world.
• In Cuba, the following events take place in
  alternate years
• International event PEDAGOGIA (more than 5 000
  foreign participants)
• International event UNIVERSIDAD (more than 1 300
  university professors, Ministries of
  Education, etc)
• Cuba receives many PhD and MPh students coming
  from foreign countries (2500)
• At the same time university professors work in
  different Universities of other Countries.
• There are Cuban programs of literacy in Haiti,
  Venezuela and other countries.

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PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION

• Register
• 118 000 boys and girls.
• Developing in
• 1124 nursery school
• in primary schools
• with the Programme Educate your child
• 100 000 assistants, 30 are relatives.
• This is a social work
• The 99,5 of the registration in the Primary
  school is covered with these three programmes.

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PRIMARY SCHOOLTo develop the intelligence
Course duration 44 weeks (3 weeks
free) CURRICULUM (extraclasses
activities) ART SPORT RECREATIONAL HISTORICAL
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCE
NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASED COMPETITION NATIONAL
SKILLS BASED COMPETITION USE OF CLASSROOM MENTORS
Efficiency Indicators Attending school (2004)
849 000 Attending school retention
100 Presence 98.7 Double session
99.9 Individualized Attention 1 professor/20
students
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SECONDARY

• Register 474 392 students in 1 005 schools
• One assistant professor and one professor in
  Computing/15 students
• individual attention
• meeting with the parents
• parents school
• social workers
• Student snacks are provided by the government
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• 100 double session
• 33 000 retired professors came back to work in
  the new educational programmes
• Attendance 98 (ill, mental disability, severe
  incapacity)
• 144 left their courses, all of them returned to
  complete the course.
• Courses repeated 6943 (0,1)
• daily evaluation
• Work and learning are integrated.

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• It has been introduced
• Play chess (twice each week)
• Instructors of art (2 000 instructors)
• Increase to 5 times weekly for Mathematics,
  Spanish and History.
• Increase to 10 h/class of revision.
• 2240 videoconferences have been made in
  Mathematics, Spanish, History, Physics and
  English.
• 15 TV programmes with 7,5 transmission hours
• 41 types of educational software for students
  and
• teachers.
• TV 31 educational programmes in 2 channels .
• 19,000 assistant teachers

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SPECIAL LEARNING
100 of mental and physical disability boys and
girls are attending schools including 252
autistic

• 428 schools
• 26 Classrooms in hospitals or in houses
• There are 40 schools for difficult children.

99 who have graduated have a job.
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PRE-UNIVERSITY
374 schools in the country Attending school 610
000 (including assistant students)

• Work and learning are integrated
• 30 students in each group
• Using videoconferences

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POLYTECHNICS
Now articulated with High Level the use of TV,
video, PC etc. is included
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MEDICAL SCIENCES
68 166 students in 21 profiles Dentist
assistant Medical assistant Diploma in
nursing Technician in health Psychology,
etc. 705 off campuses teaching units, 75 study
in off campuses teaching units (444 polyclinics
52 hospital 1 mother house)
Now These are steps to reach the required level
for university
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Institutes of Education
Since the 1st year they have worked as teachers
in the school classrooms. Each school is an off-
campus learning environment 46 of schools
have students working as teachers
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SPORT CAREER
Current course
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UNIVERSALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
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The universalization of higher education
A process of changes and actions aimed at
increasing possibilities and opportunities of
access to university studies.
It contributes to the attainment of more
equality and social justice in our society.
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CONCEPT OF THE NEW STAGE OF UNIVERSALIZATION
It is the extension of the main university
processes to the entire society, on a territorial
basis, so as to attain higher levels of
equality and social justice and the development
of a general comprehensive culture of all
citizens.
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HOW IS IT IMPLEMENTED?
Incorporating professionals as part-time
professor
Using existing facilities and other material
resources in each municipality.
Joining efforts and interests in each locality
Creating University Campuses (SUM) nationwide
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The educational model
Flexible
Structured
Student centred
With systematic face to face activities.
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The process of formation presents three main
components
1. A system of face-to-face activities.
2.- Self-access study
3.- Information services.
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CUBAN HIGHER EDUCATION
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Three state universities
Central Universityof Las Villas UCLV (1952)
University of HavanaUH (1728)
University of Oriente (1947)
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64 state universities 938 campuses
2004
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UNIVERSITIES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER
EDUCATION IN CUBA
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General information about Cuban Higher Education
64 Universities 938 campuses, in all the
Municipalities
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General information....

• The undergraduate programs
• Are approved by the Ministry of Higher Education
• Are implemented nationwide
• Are subordinate to different Ministries depending
  on the field of study

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Programmes subordinate to MES

• Agricultural Sciences (5)
  
• Natural Sciences and Mathematics (10)
• Social Sciences and Humanities (16)
• Technical Sciences and Architecture (14)
• Economics (3)

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Programmes subordinate to other ministries

• Medical Sciences (4 programmes 5 universities)
• Educational Sciences (28 programmes 16
  universities)
• Arts (5 programmes 1 university)
• Sports (1 programme 2 universities)
• Design (2 programmes 1 universities)
• Nuclear Sciences (4 programmes 1 university)

There are also other programmes related to higher
education military centres
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What are the main characteristics of Cuban higher
education?

• Society and universities share the same interests
  
• Universities work in close alliance with
  enterprises, organizations and other social
  institutions
• The Ministry of Higher Education has full
  capacity of rallying and convening all
  universities towards common goals

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The training of professionals in Cuba

• Undergraduate education (5-year programmes with
  diploma thesis)
• On-the-job training (2 years)
• Postgraduate education

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Different types of courses in undergraduate
education

• Regular courses (face to face)
• - Daytime (full time students) five years
• - For workers (part time students) six
  years
• Distance learning courses
• New social programmes

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The educational model of Cuban higher education

• Main feature
• Broad Profile

Which strikes a balance between general
professional training and the training of
specialists
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Broad Profile
Professionals with solid basic knowledge,
capable of solving the most frequent and general
problems in connection with the basic level of
their work
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Dimensions of the formation process

• Instructional (knowledge and skills)
• Educational (values)
• Developmental (competences)

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Principal ideas of the educational model

• Unity between Education and Instruction
• Link between Study and Work

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Link between Study and Work in the curriculum
The corner stone of the entire Cuban system of
education is the link between study and work. At
university level, this link is expressed in the
work-training component in the curriculum and is
carried out in off-campus Teaching Units
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Link of study and work.

• About 1 500 or 2 000 hours in each curriculum
  (30 )
• More than 2 000 work places are in connection
  with the university
• 453 are Off-campus Teaching Units
• An academic discipline that integrates the work
  component with the rest of the curriculum

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General information about curriculum

• Average time
• 5 700 hours

Curriculum
Disciplines (14) Subjects (60)
Final Evaluation (28) Course Projects
(6) Final Project or State Test (1)
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POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION
Academic programs
Specialties PhM PhD (2 levels)
Postgraduate Education System
Courses Graduate training
Professional development
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RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONIN HIGHER
EDUCATION

• Its oriented to
• The development of human resources
• The orientation of scientific research to satisfy
  the social, economic and cultural development
  needs of the country
• The use of international knowledge and
  technologies
• Generation of technologies
• Creation of high tech products as exports goods
• Collaboration with other countries

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RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONIN HIGHER
EDUCATION

• More than 50 of all research work in Cuba is
  developed and conducted in universities and their
  research centres.
• 100 of university faculty actively participate
  in national and local projects.
• 100 of senior students in undergraduate courses
  participate in curricular scientific research
  activities (52 in extracurricular.
• 15 of all the students enrolled in undergraduate
  courses belong to the movement of
  high-achievement students and take part in
  top-priority research work.

Cuban universities are increasingly turning into
research centres