The Civil War

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The Civil War

• War of the States, War of Brothers, and one
  bloody war

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Precursors to the War Expansion and Statehood in
the West
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• America is expanding due to winning large wars,
  growing population, massive territory (Louisiana
  Purchase!!), gold rush, etc
• But the question is who gets the power?

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Ideas about Government

• Distribution of power? Who holds the power?
  Where? How? Important questions that people
  debate
• Popular Sovereignty- People are the controlling
  power source of government
• Sectionalism- Loyalty to a small section rather
  then the wide whole. Power located with in the
  States of America
• Strong Centralism- Loyalty to the greater whole
  then to the small sections. Power located with
  the Federal Government
• People want to run the government their way, with
  their life style in mind

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Social and Political Issues

• Slavery is an issue-
• The South runs on slave labor
• The ethical problem
• Constitutional problem
• Racism on both sides Dominate white culture
• Political Conflict
• Wilmot Proviso- No slavery in the territory?
  Upsets southerners
• Upsets Some Northerners- form a new party, The
  Free Soil

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Balance of Power

• 477, California can upset the power structure!
  Tension leads discussion over would powerful
  California be a slave state, or a free state?
• Compromise of 1850-

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Tensions are Rising

• Results of Compromise 1850
• Fugitive Slave Act
• Popular Sovereign Territory
• The first spark, shows something is wrong
• The Next Step
• Rail Road to Golden California!- North and South
  fought for Rail Road Power
• We need to deal with The Unorganized
  Territorywho gets that land?

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Kansas Bloody Kansas

• The Unorganized Territory- split into Kansas and
  Nebraska
• South and North- Passions and fears about the
  other.
• Running border to Kansas, Gotta Vote!
• Spilt the Government, pro and anti slavery,
  thats some conflict

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Sit quietly and take out your homework

• Take out Homework from yesterday so I can check
  it
• Make sure your NAME is on your papers!
• Map Worksheets
• Chapter list in Bold

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So, what we learn?

• Popular Sovereignty?
• Big Government
• Small Government
• All a Question of Power

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So, who will YOU vote for?
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Taking Sides on the Issues

• Republicans- against the spread of slavery
• Democrats- for the rights of slavery owners
• Constitutional Union Party- fell apart once the
  war started
• Emotions are high! People are tense, lifestyles
  can change, ethical debates

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And violence

• John Brown Wanted a slave rebellion

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Americas dirty little issue

• Dred Scott Decision
• Can a black slave be free man in free land?
• Only if..
• Youre a Citizen
• Roger Taney The nations founders believed that
  blacks had no rights which a white man was bound
  to respect
• Soil makes you free
• Roger Taney The laws of the state of Missouri
  decided his status (social position) of Dred
  Scott
• Slavery in the Louisiana Purchase?!
• Good Ole Missouri Compromise is tossed in the
  Trash Roger Taney The 3630 restriction line is
  unconstitutional. You can not take away our life,
  liberty and PROPERTY with out due process of the
  law

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It is still racist

• Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• Abe Lincoln
• Negroes are entitled to all the natural rights
  in the Declaration of Independence and to the
  right to life, liberty and the pursuit of
  happiness. They are however do not have the
  social or political rights of whites
• Stephen Douglas
• Lincoln thinks that the Negro is his brother!
  Lincoln doesnt think the nation can remain half
  slave and half free, the Republicans and Lincoln
  want to make every state a free state. This will
  only bring dissolution (destruction) of the Union
  and Warfare between the North and South. People
  have the lawful means to introduce or exclude
  slavery as they please

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Welcome Back!

• Time for a quiz.... Just to make sure you havent
  forgotten anything!

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So it begins

• Southerners are afraid!
• Invasion from the north
• Lincoln would ruin their lives
• They start taking federal buildings captive!
• Lincoln- We can not let the Union fall apart!
  This would just show that the monarchs in Europe
  were right, democracy doesnt work

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The Spark

• Fort Sumter- Charleston S.C., first shots of the
  Civil War
• Lincoln had to decide to support the federal base
  or let the Rebels have it
• Davis said he wanted it, so he took it!
• If youre the Union President, what do you do?

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Their a Rebellin!

• Lincoln- The south is rebelling, we must stop
  them
• Choice Do you join the Union? Or do you choose
  the Confederacy? In this war there can be no
  neutrals, only Patriots- or traitors
• States decide, some more quickly than the
  others.
• Border states are slow to switch, they are close
  combat and need to be careful

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Advantages

• North-
• 22 million population
• 22,000 miles of Rail Roads
• Industry to supply weapons
• Established banks and economics
• South-
• Military tradition- good generals
• Strong agriculture supplied food
• Fighting a defensive war
• Cotton diplomacy- possible ally with England

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Disadvantages

• North-
• Long distance war, needed long supply lines
• Difficult terrain
• Had to fight an offensive war, take the fight to
  the south
• South-
• Less industry to make weapons
• Less population than the north
• Less transportation, as in Rail Roads

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Lets Start fightin!

• Volunteers- for both sides, thousands of men join
  up for the war effort
• But Most of them werent trained. On top of that
  both the Union and Confederacy had a shortage of
  guns, uniforms and everything else!
• So we have to train all these random people.

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The War is On

• Lets have a picnic!
• In the beginning, many thought the war would be
  over quickly with little bloodshed
• Yogi Bear- But how often do wars stay quick and
  painless Boo-boo?

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1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas

• July 1861
• Northern General Irvin McDowell
• Capture Manassas, a important RR junction
• Fights the Confederates at Bull Run creek, get
  them quick!
• Quicker the better, could move right on to
  Richmond, Confederate capital
• Southern General Beauregard
• Waiting for McDowell, wait for reinforcements
• Stonewall Jackson stood the line and helped
  defend the river areas until more came
• Finally, 3 days later, reinforcements helped the
  south win
• First Major Battle of the Civil War- There are no
  more hopes of a quick war, No more pic-a-nic
  baskets Boo-boo!

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Seven Days Battle

• Lincoln is starting a process of changing
  generals. He will keep changing until he finds
  someone who will win..McDowell gone General
  McClellan in charge now
• June 1862
• General McClellan hesitates to take Richmond
  (again), Stonewall Jackson takes action- pushes
  the Yankees back
• General Lee takes over, crushes the Union Army

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2nd Battle of Bull Run/Manassas

• August 1862
• Lincoln looks to General Pope now
• General John Pope March directly to Richmond!
• 3 days of battles Pope and Stonewall Jackson
  throw troops at each other, very bloody. Kept
  finding each other
• Pope had to capture it! Richmond and the RR
  junction were within his grasp
• Confederates win again
• South feels confident maybe we can push to the
  north?

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Battle of Antietam/Battle of Sharpsburg

• Invading the North
• General Lee- Split his army and accidently left
  plans back in tent, big mistake but
• McClellan waits Confederates regroup and can
  then attack
• Head-to-head fighting Falling into battles in
  creeks, short range fire, bayoneting, tight
  combat and terrain
• Bloodiest single day
• North 12,000 dead
• South 13,000 dead
• General Lee cant go up north now

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Adjusting to the New War

• More violent, longer, and difficult than anyone
  had thought
• North thinks of different ways to build their
  army By 1863 the north starts the Draft
• Riots break out due to draft, was well as fear of
  blacks taking white jobs
• Northern whites fear blacks still, but the north
  needed more power

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Black Soldiers

• Union needed more troops, many whites didnt like
  the ideas
• War department allows ex-slaves to join
• Lincoln proposed that they could vote if they
  served
• 54th Massachusetts Infantry
• Almost all black infantry unit
• Brave, but often put in front, suffered more
  causalities than whites

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Join and Help Brothers!
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Ironclads!

• Anaconda Plan
• Plan to restrict the south by blocking off their
  supplies, but you need strong ships for that
• Naval battle escalates!
• South was loosing as the north blocked off
  important ships
• Build stronger ships, wood now covered in metal

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• Homework
• Chapter 16
• Section 2, 3, 4 Read sections
• Label bold terms.

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War in the West

• Yesterday
• Went over how the War transformed from being a
  picnic war, to a bloody war
• Union forces racing to capture Richmond
• Increased violence and human suffering of war
  (Remember dysentery and amputations!?)

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War in the Near West

• Abe Lincoln switches generals yet again!
• Angry with cautious General McClellan, Lincoln
  now looks towards Ulysses S. Grant
• Grant- Strong and bold risk taker
• Personal life becomes a Public Relations issue
• Goal of the Western Campaign
• After Mississippi River Cut off their supplies!

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Battle of Shiloh

• Goal is to take the Mississippi river (Pg 523)
• General Grant starts up north, in TN capturing
  various rivers, getting closer to the Mississippi
• Waits on west side of TN for Ohio Army
  reinforcements. Knows he needs training Drills
  new recruits and sets up defenses
• Two day bloody battle
• Confederate General killed first day
• Long traveled fight, pushing Rebels down in to
  Miss.
• North- 10,000
• South- 10,000

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Fall of New Orleans

• Goal- Get the Mississippi River!
• Part of the Anaconda Plan Admiral David Farragut
  of TN sneaks past heavy guarded shore line,
  how?
• After sneaking in
• Able to quickly take down Baton Rouge and Natchez
  
• Only has one more LARGE problem to finish off

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Battle of Vicksburg

• Powerful Confederate strong hold
• Large cliffs with guns for defense
• Hard to shoot weapons to the Top City
• Hard to win in a fair fight
• Starve em out!
• General Grant surrounds Vicksburg and cuts off
  all supplies
• Bombards Vicksburg from sea and land
• Confederates slowly starved, eat rats, dogs,
  whatever is edible
• 2 months of siege, Rebels give up. Grant
  immediately sends in food
• Battle of Vicksburg- Confederates loose the
  Mississippi and will never be able to recover.
  Slowly spelling the end for the Confederacy

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Lincolns Politics

• Slavery is a key issue
• Lincoln- There is no reason in the world why the
  negro is not entitled to the same natural rights
  numerated in the Declaration of Independence- the
  right to life, liberty and the pursuit of
  happiness
• Abolitionists want to do away with slavery,
  others think the economy will fail with out it

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln must make a choice on whether he can free
  slaves, and if so, how?
• Pg, R54 back of book

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Thoughts near the End

• Both sides are starting feel the drain of the war
• North
• North wanted it to end quickly. Lincoln
  constantly upset because his generals arent
  getting it done quickly enough. How and when are
  we going to win this?
• South
• South wanted to prolong the war, force the north
  to give up quickly. But how?
• Both sides start taking risks
• Battles become bloodier as Generals try to end it
  once and for all

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Fredericksburg Chancellorsville

• Two small towns
• Multi day affair. Union General Burnside wants to
  surround Fredericksburg, but delays let General
  Lee make a defense.
• Fighting leaves 12,600 dead Union and leaves
  5,300 dead Confederates
• Burnside leaves, General Hooker takes over
• Hooker takes over near by Chancellorsville and
  waits for Lee
• Stonewall Jackson and Lee almost split the Union
  army, but Hookers defense holds out
• Lee wins! Jackson dies General Lee thinks hes
  got one last good chance to get the north

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Battle of Gettysburg

• The wars bloodiest battle. Americas bloodiest
  battle. The turning point of the war, and much,
  much more
• 3 day long battle
• General Lee- Get to the north one last time! Hes
  carful, goes up through Maryland, but
• A rebel raiding party meets some Union cavalry
  and there is a skirmish

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Battle of Gettysburg

• Day 1
• Union builds up a strong defense despite Lees
  efforts. Union holds the line
• Skirmish a little, then the Confederates set up a
  defensive line parallel to Union. Both sides
  start beefing up, ready for the fight
• Day 2
• Start fighting to gain Cemetery Culps Hill.
• The blood stood in puddles in some places in the
  rocks
• South gains land, but the north is holding
  strong!

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Battle of Gettysburg

• Day 3
• Picketts Charge
• Rebels think they have weakened the north.
  Pickett leads 1 of 3 large forces right up
  Cemetery Ridge
• Pickett marches for a mile, being shelled all the
  while He fails, with over 7,000 casualties for
  that charge alone
• Day 4
• Lee can no longer win, decides to retreat. He
  will never be able to attack the north again

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Gettysburg Aftermath

• King Cotton is dead!
• Cotton diplomacy will not work. European nations
  will no longer support the south
• Gettysburg Address
• Lincoln gives the address to the people to
  reassure them the war can be won
• Goes back over the reasons for war, declares they
  are fighting for life and liberty

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Crushing the South

• Wilderness Campaign
• Lincoln hope Grant will be the one to finally get
  Richmond!
• Several weeks of fighting in forest near
  Richmond. Grant pushed towards Richmond, but he
  cant make it
• Shermans March
• General Sherman is to conquer Atlanta, the
  souths big industrial center
• Leaves from TN, marches to Atlanta and Over
  powers the rebels
• Gathers 60,000 men to leave Georgia, Make it
  howl!
• Total War Scorched earth policy
• BREAK THEIR WILL SO THEY WILL NEVER FIGHT AGAIN!

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Game over man, Game over!

• 1865
• Lee starts the year hoping he can pull it out,
  but by April the Union is all around Richmond
• Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse
• Lees men, tired, starving and with little
  weapons are trying to press on
• There is nothing left for me to do, but see
  General Grant Lee knows there is only one option
  left
• April 9, 1865- General Lee surrenders to Grant,
  The war is over, the rebels are our countrymen
  again
• But what happens now?

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Reconstruction

• What do we do after the Civil War?
• Both sides are weak financially and spiritually
• Northern Perspective- What do we do with the
  south?
• The south will not get back on their feet for
  several decades

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• END

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To study of the Test

• Home work notes Bold terms from Ch 15 and 16
• In Class notes
• Civil War battle sheet
• As well as the little You are in the Civil War!
  projects