The Civil War: Key Battles

1
The Civil War Key Battles Turning Points

• Summarize significant key battles, strategies,
  and turning points of the Civil War including
  the battles of Fort Sumter and Gettysburg, the
  Emancipation Proclamation, the significance of
  the Gettysburg Address, and the surrender at
  Appomattox and the role of African Americans in
  the war.

2
Remember

• South Carolina seceded from the Union.
• After, the states of AL, FL, MS, GA, LA, and TX
  seceded.
• These states formed their own government
  Confederate States of America (Confederacy),
  which supported states rights and slavery.
• Their president was Jefferson Davis.

3
Significant Events

• Fort Sumter first battle of the Civil War
• Gettysburg important battle for the North
• Emancipation Proclamation end of slavery
• Gettysburg Address inspired Union soldiers
• Appomattox Courthouse end of the Civil War

4
Fort Sumter

• The Confederacy began taking over forts in the
  South.
• One fort that was not taken over was Fort Sumter,
  South Carolina, near Charleston.
• Davis wanted to take control of Fort Sumter, but
  a Union officer commanded the Fort. When he
  didnt surrender the Fort, the Confederacy began
  firing on Fort Sumter.

5
Fort Sumter

• The firing lasted for two days. Without food or
  water, the Union was forced to surrender the Fort
  to the Confederacy.

• Lincoln responded to the attack by asking men in
  the Union states to become soldiers and create a
  Union army to fight the Confederacy.

6
Gettysburg

• The Confederate army was pushing further north.
  When they reached Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the
  Union army was ready to stop them.
• Led by Robert E. Lee, the Confederate army fought
  the Union army for three days.
• As the Confederates continued to fight, more
  Union soldiers joined the battle against them.

7
Gettysburg

• Finally on day 3, as over 150 cannons were shot
  on each side of the battle, the Confederate
  troops marched towards the Union troops. This
  resulted in a disastrous attack with over 5,000
  Confederates killed or wounded.
• The North won this battle and forced the
  Confederacy to retreat into Virginia.

8
Emancipation Proclamation

• Lincolns goal of the war was to absolve slavery
  in the United States.
• He believed slavery must die so that the nation
  might live.
• On January 1, 1863, Lincoln gave a statement that
  freed all slaves in the Confederate states at war
  with the Union.

9
Emancipation Proclamation

• Since Union officers were not in control of the
  Confederacy, most African-Americans were not
  released from slavery.

10
Emancipation Proclamation
11
Gettysburg Address

• About 4 months after the Battle of Gettysburg,
  Lincoln gave a speech during a memorial service
  for the soldiers.
• The Gettysburg Address inspired Union soldiers to
  continue fighting for their country and the end
  of slavery.
• p.508

12
Appomattox Courthouse

• Where the surrender took place
• General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General
  Grant.
• The war was over! The North won!

13
African-Americans in the War

• Many African-Americans supported Lincolns
  beliefs. One such African-American was Frederick
  Douglass. He encouraged others to join the war
  effort as a member of the Union army. Fly to
  arms, he wrote.

14
African-Americans in the War

• African-Americans were allowed to join the Union
  army. Even though they were paid less and had to
  buy their own uniforms, many joined the army
  because they supported Lincoln.
• The first group of all black troops against the
  Confederacy in South Carolina was the 54th
  regiment.

15
African-Americans in the War

• Overall, 200,000 African-Americans fought for the
  Union and over 37,000 died.
• Later, in June 1864 Congress passed a bill that
  stated black and white Union soldiers would
  receive equal pay.

16
The Civil War Key Battles Turning Points

• Summarize significant key battles, strategies,
  and turning points of the Civil War including
  the battles of Fort Sumter and Gettysburg, the
  Emancipation Proclamation, the significance of
  the Gettysburg Address, and the surrender at
  Appomattox and the role of African Americans in
  the war.