United States Civil War

1
United States Civil War

• 1860-1865

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Civil war state standard

• SSUSH9 The student will identify key events,
  issues, and individuals relating to the cause,
  and consequence of the Civil War.
• EQ Based on the advantages and disadvantages of
  the north and south, why do you feel many people
  thought the war would be short?

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Catalyst of civil war

• Please take 5 minutes to write a 1 sentence
  description of how each of these events led to
  the onset of the civil war.
• Also, in your opinion, state which of these you
  feel had the largest impact in bringing about the
  war and why
• 1. Wilmot Proviso
• 2. Popular Sovereignty
• 3. Fugitive Slave Act
• 4. Kansas Nebraska Act
• 5. Dred Scott Decision
• 6. Publishing of Uncle Toms Cabin
• 7. John Browns raid

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The United States division during the civil war
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Impact of the election of 1860

• The Election of 1860 from 270towin.com
• 1. What clear division is noticeable from this
  map?
• Please take 5 minutes to complete section 6 of
  your hand out comparing the candidates

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South Secession and a divided nation

• Upon President Lincolns victory in 1860 states
  secede
• The cause of the war is political representation
• Time Line of The Civil War - 1861
• Video Assignmentanswer the following
  questions in your notes
• 1. Why is this war sometimes referred to as the
  brothers war?
• 2. What other political issue besides slavery is
  said to contribute to the cause of war?
• 3. How did the abolitionist contribute to the
  outbreak of war?

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IS secession LEGAL?

• The issue Do the Southern states have the right
  to withdraw from the Union if they decide that
  being a part of it is no longer in their best
  interests? Or would secession and the formation
  of the Confederate States of America constitute a
  rebellion?
• Arguments for Secession The federal government
  is instituting policies that go against the best
  interests of the South, such as tariffs that
  disproportionately hurt the South and attempts to
  free the slaves who work on Southern plantations.
  Just as the colonists had the right to declare
  independence from Britain nearly a century ago,
  the South has the right to seek its independence
  from the Union.
• Arguments against Secession When all of the
  states entered the Union they essentially formed
  a binding compact for that compact to be broken,
  all states must agree to its dissolution, not
  just a handful of them. Preservation of the Union
  is far more important than the complaints of
  individual states the country would be weaker if
  it were divided into two.

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Crittenden Compromise

• The Crittenden Compromise Last attempt to save
  the nation proposed by John J. Crittenden of
  Kentucky. (Senator) offered Dec. 18, 1860
• 6 things the compromise attempted
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6
• Crittenden Compromise

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How secession occurs

• Ordinance of Secession, South Carolina, 1860
  The original document declaring secession
  Signed 2 days after the failure of the Crittenden
  Compromise - 20 December 1860
• Declaration of Immediate cause for secession -
  12/24/1860 - reason why S.C. argues secession is
  legitimate
• What argument is made as the reason for
  secession?
• http//americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarmenu/a
  /secession_order.htm - Order and dates that the
  states seceded

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Confederate Constitution

• Based on more autonomy for the states
• Similar in organization to the US constitution
• Similar in content to the Articles of
  Confederation
• Constitution of the Confederate States of America
  - The U.S. Constitution Online -
  USConstitution.net

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President Buchanans reaction

• Why did President Buchanan not stop the south
  from seceding?
• James Buchanan The White House

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Lincolns first days

• Lincoln www.whitehouse.gov
• http//www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/civil/jb_civil_l
  incoln2_1.html
• Presidential Inaugurations Presidential Oaths of
  Office
• Promises to Preserve the Union
• Does not want war and states that the onset of
  war is in the hands of the confederacy
• Must supply the Federal outpost of Ft. Sumter
  tips off a civil war

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First Shots of war

• First shots fired at Fort Sumter in Charleston,
  SC
• Fort Sumter National Monument - Fort Sumter (U.S.
  National Park Service)
• President Lincoln was re-supplying fort
• Cadets from Citadel attack US supply ships
• Confederate victory

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Differences between the north and south at
beginning of the war

• Please take out your Civil war Graph
  worksheets..
• Based solely on the information provided on the
  graphs, why did many people assume that this war
  would be short and painless?

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US plan and the South plan

• Anaconda plan

• South plan
• War of Attrition
• Inflict heavy losses on opponent until they
  surrender

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First Battle of Bull Run - 1861

• Proves war will be long and arduous
• Showcases the Confederate strengths (Better
  Generals)
• Confederate victory and unorganized Union retreat
• Spectators complicate battlefield actions
• The Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) Official
  Records and Battle Description

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Fort Henry and Donelson -1862

• Civil War gt Capture of Ft. Henry Ft. Donelson
• Fort Henry and Donelson campaign

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Monitor vs. Virginia - 1862

• First battle of ironclads in the history of the
  world
• Civil War gt Monitor vs. Virginia

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Antietam - 1862

• Bloodiest 1 day of war 23000 casualties
• 1 of 4 battles fought in the north
• Antietam - Historical account

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Peninsula campaign
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Civil war medicine

• Most troops died from infection
• American Civil War Surgical Antiques and Medical
  Books
• Civil War surgery The Truth

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Emancipation Proclamation

• September 22, 1862 Lincoln freed slaves living
  in the southern United States, however he stopped
  short of freeing all slaves by allowing slave
  owners to keep slaves in the border states
  (Kentucky, W. VA, MD, Delaware, MIZZOU)
• Proclamation had a mixed reception in America,
  however internationally it turned public opinion
  in favor of Lincoln and the Union.
• Why did Lincoln not free the slaves in the border
  states?
• Why did international opinion matter?

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Fredericksburg - 1863

• General McClellan is too cautious and fired
• Burnsides takes over and marches right at
  Richmond (battle of Fredericksburg)
• Union suffers 13,000 loses
• Confederates suffer 5,000
• Burnsides is fired because of bad strategy
• frdrksburg.html account of the battle

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Chancellorsville - 1863

• Joe Hooker (new Union commander) tries to circle
  around Confederates.
• Cut off at Chancellorsville
• Most impressive Confederate victory of war
• Stonewall Jackson killed in battle
• Gives Confederates new sense of confidence
• Fredericksburg Spotsylvania National Military
  Park - Battle of Chancellorsville (U.S. National
  Park Service)

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BLANK US HISTORY MAP
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Battle of Gettysburg - 1863

• South attempts to invade the north
• Cut-off at Gettysburg Pennsylvania
• Robert E. Lee felt a southern victory on Union
  soil would lead to a union surrender
• Confederate defeat ends the Confederates
  offensive capabilities

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Animated battle map

• http//www.civilwar.org/battlefields/gettysburg/ma
  ps/gettysburg-animated-map/ - Civil war trust
• http//www.civilwaranimated.com/GettysburgAnimatio
  n.html -

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Battle map

• Day 3
• Pickett's charge plan!
• CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY BARRAGE
• Picketts's charge
• The Aftermath!

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Battle of Gettysburg

• The turning point of the war occurs in 1863
• Most costly battle ever fought on U.S. soil
• The Gettysburg National Military Park Virtual
  Tour

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Battle of Gettysburg
165000
150000
135000
120000
105000
90000
Total
75000
Union
60000
Confederacy
45000
30000
15000
0
Troop
Casualties
strength
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Gettysburg Address

• Upon completion of the battle a cemetery is
  commemorated
• President Lincoln commemorates the cemetery with
  a famous speech
• Why did they commemorate this battle ground?
• President Lincoln's Gettysburg Address

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Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg Address - Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
Click on the Microsoft Word link below and
complete the in class activity about the
Gettysburg Address. Use the above hyperlink to
help you access information to complete the
questions.
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Battle of Vicksburg - 1863

• Union victory the day after Gettysburg
• Completes the execution of the Anaconda plan
• US plan and the South plan slide 5
• Vicksburg National Military Park (U.S. National
  Park Service)
• New siege technique used
• Battle leads to Ulysses S. Grants fame
• Grant chosen to be Union Commander after victory

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CONSCRIPTION

• CIVIL WAR DRAFT - Union and Confederate methods
• New York Civil War draft riots

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Shermans western campaign

• Chickamauga animated map
• http//www.battlesforchattanooga.com/
• Upon victory in Chattanooga, Sherman engages in
  the Atlanta campaign 1863/1864
• The Atlanta Campaign

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Atlanta - 1864

• Sherman uses the siege technique to take
  Atlanta
• Sherman makes his famous march to the sea
• March to the sea

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Grant in command - 1864

• Decides to engage in Total War
• Forces the dwindling Confederate forces to fight
• Grant's Overland campaign
• Battle of the wilderness
• Cold harbor
• Siege_of_Petersburg

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The Battle of Atlanta and 1864 election

• www.270towin.com

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Surrender at Appomattox Court House

• Name of the town, not courthouse
• Appomattox court house
• Appomattox Court House - Wikipedia, the free
  encyclopedia
• http//www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/b
  attles-of-cold-harbor/videos/surrender-at-appomatt
  ox-courthouse

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Chronological Battle listing
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Civil war Generals page

• Confederates
• Robert E. Lee
• Stonewall Jackson
• James Longstreet

• Union
• Ulysses S. Grant Civil War General
• William Tecumseh Sherman
• George B. McClellan