Chapter 9: Beginnings of Greece

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Chapter 9 Beginnings of Greece

• 2800 B.C. 750 B.C.

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• Started in 2800 B.C. in Crete
• Grew wheat, barley, grapes, olives
• Carpenters metal workers
• In 2000 B.C., Crete is worlds first important
  seafaring civilization

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The People

• Were small, bronze- skinned, had long dark hair
• Men
• Wore long robes trousers
• Farmed Fished and Served in navy Royal Guard
• Women
• Wore full skirts short-sleeved jackets
• Household duties and hunting in chariots
• Both loved sports
• Built the first arena
• Boxing bull leaping

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Houses

• Built side by side with courtyards
• Were 2 stories
• No doors people used roof ladders
• Later on, windows doors made from animal skin
  parchment

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Cities palaces

• Built cities different from the past
• Palace in center not surrounded by walls
• KNOSSOS
• 5-story palace called
• HOUSE OF THE DOUBLE AX
• Multi-purpose
• Walls painted with FRESCOES
• Watercolor paintings
• Hot cold running water heat
• LABYRINTH network of paths which made it
  difficult to find your way

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Rulers Religion

• Rulers were priest-kings
• Went to Mount Juktas to look for signs from Gods
• Believed in multiple gods
• Mother Earth greatest
• People built shrines (sacred places of worship)
  to honor gods
• Sacred horns decorated on back
• of shrine
• Believed in sacred symbols
• Lilly, double ax, and dove

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Fall of the Minoans

• 1400 B.C. control of the land changed hands
• No one knows for sure why they ended
• Became a legend a story coming down from the
  past whose truth is popularly accepted but cannot
  be checked
• Theseus the Minotaur

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Section 2 The Mycenaeans

• 2000 B.C. traveled from Russia to Greece
• King built a fortress / palace on top of hill
• Megaron square room with a fireplace used for
  meetings entertainment

• People lived on estates who worked and farmed for
  protection

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Traders pirates

• Learned how to make gold bronze, created
  language based on Cretan script, built ships
• Grew olives to make oil
• Great warriors
• Used large shields w/ wooden frames, spears,
  swords
• Leader wore fancy bronze armor
• Fought other lands became chief power of Aegean
  world in 1400 B.C.

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Trojan War 1200 B.C.

• Mycenaeans attacked Troy (major trading city)
• Troy (Trojans) controlled taxed people who used
  trade routes from Black Sea to Greece
• 500 years later, a blind poet, Homer, wrote 2
  poems about the event
• 1. Iliad war fought over a woman
• 2. Odyssey tells journey of Odysseus, a hero
  from the war

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Dark Ages

• Civil wars broke out betweencitizens destroyed
  fortresses
• Dorians entered Greece
• conquered Mycenaeans
• Dark Ages 300 years long
• Mycenaeans lost trading, painting, work skills
  language
• Had to start their civilization all over
• Independent Communities Hellenes or Greeks
• 700 BC 336 B.C.