Chapter 8: The Rise of Rome

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Chapter 8 The Rise of Rome

• Romes Beginnings

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Romes Beginnings

• Italy
• Shaped like a boot
• In the Mediterranean
• toe points at Sicily
• Alps border Italy in the North
• Apennines extend North to south
• Terrain easier to farm than Greece
• Italy supported more people because of this!
• Mts. and water served as natural barriers to
  enemies and key to Romes success.

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Romes Beginnings

• Latins built Rome on the plain of Latium
• Located in Central Italy on Tiber River
• 2 stories tell of Romes beginning
• Remus and Romulus
• Aeneas and the Trojan followers

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Remus and Romulus

• As babies, they were abandoned by the Tiber
  River, rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd.
  Built a city, had a fight, Romulus killed Remus,
  became king and named the city after himself

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Aeneas and Trojan Followers

• Aeneas and Trojan followers
• A famous Greek poet named Virgil wrote an epic
  called the Aeneid. Aeneas was the main character,
  a Trojan hero who along with his followers sailed
  the Mediterranean Sea after the Greeks captured
  Troy. He had many adventures ending with
  marriage to the kings daughter. He united the
  Trojans and the Latins (local people) and became
  known as the father of Rome.

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Romes Beginnings

• Latins were influenced by Greeks and Etruscans
  especially
• The Etruscans were skilled metal workers
• The Etruscans were a model for Roman army

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Romes Beginnings

• Tarquins
• Leaders of Etruscan-ruled Rome
• Romans rebelled after 100 years of rule
• Established a republic
• Leader is not king or queen
• Elected by citizen vote to office by citizens

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Romes Beginnings

• Rome had large army
• Very powerful
• Excellent and disciplined soldiers
• Soldiers were good problem solvers
• Legion is a group of 6,000 soldiers
• Roads connected all of Romes military
  settlements

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Romes Beginnings

• Roman Government
• Gave full citizenship to some (vote, serve govt)
• Others received status of allies (rule own local
  affairs)

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Chapter 8-2 Romes Government

• Cicero Denounces Catiline Fresco by Cesare
  Maccari (1840-1919
• http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a3/Macc
  ari-Cicero.jpg

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Romes Government

• Two classes of people in Rome
• Patricians wealthy land owners made up Romes
  ruling class
• Plebeians artisans, shopkeepers, owners of small
  farms

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Romes Government

• Patricians wealthy land owners made up Romes
  ruling class
• Consuls top government officials (2 picked every
  year and ran the government and headed the army)
• Had the ability to veto or reject the others
  decision
• Means I forbid in Latin
• Praetors interpret laws and act as judges
• Senate most important lawmaking body
• Assembly of Centuries another important
  legislative body
• Plebeians artisans, shopkeepers, owners of small
  farms
• Changed class system by going on strike
• Rome let them set up own legislative group
  Council of Plebes

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Role Play Activity

• Pretend that you are a Patrician or a Plebeian in
  Ancient Rome. Using the information on pages
  269-270 make your argument. Is Romes government
  fair to all people? Defend your position. Why is
  life fair or unfair considering the way Romes
  government is set up?
• Patrician The government is being run
  successfully with all patricians in leadership
  and rightfully so. The rich are better educated
  and trained to run the government.
• Plebeian The patricians are lazy. They wouldnt
  know what a hard days work looks like.
  Patricians have slaves that serve them hand and
  foot. How can they know what is best for
  hard-working people like us? We plebeians should
  have people in the government that share the same
  experiences we have.

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Romes Government

• Roman Republic had a dictator who served people
  and was a temporary ruler during emergencies.
• Cincinnatus best know early Roman dictator

• Cincinnatus AKA Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
• Born 519 BCDied 430 BCCause of death
  unspecified
• Gender MaleReligion PaganRace or Ethnicity
  WhiteOccupation Military
• Nationality Ancient RomeExecutive summary
  Republican leader of Rome

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Romes Government

• Twelve Tables first code of laws was adopted
  around 451 B.C
• Basis of all future Roman laws
• Law of Nations created to address issues of
  conquered people
• Rule of law is idea that laws should apply to
  everyone equally

Table 1 and Table 2 Civil Procedure Table 3
Debt Table 4 Parents and Children Table 5
Inheritance Table 6 and Table 7 Property Table
8 Torts (causing harm to another) Table 9
Capital Punishment Table 10 Funeral
Regulations Table 11 Marriage Table 12Crimes
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Expansion of Rome

• Rome created a navy so they could beat Carthage
  as Carthage was a great sea power
• Roman Navy Ship
• Punic Wars were fought for control of the
  Mediterranean region

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Expansion of Rome The Punic Wars

• The First Punic War
• Carthage (a state on the coast of North Africa)
  was powerful enemy
• Dispute between Rome and Carthage over Sicily.
• Lasted 20 years before Rome won

• The Second Punic War
• Carthage expanded into Spain and the Romans
  helped the people of Spain rebel
• Hannibal a great Carthaginian general fought in
  2nd Punic War
• Battle of Cannae
• Hannibals forces overpowered Romans
• Scipio a Roman general defeated the Carthaginians
  at the Battle of Zama

• The Third Punic War
• Warm finally destroyed Carthage
• Took all of Greece, Macedonia, and parts of Africa

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Chapter 8-3 The fall of the Republic
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Chapter 8-3 The fall of the Republic

• Farmers suffered when the gap between patricians
  and plebeians grew
• Latifunda large farming estates created when
  wealthy Romans bought small farms
• Farmers who lost land had to go to cities to find
  jobs
• Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus tried to reform
  government, but were killed
• Marius (old military leader) promised land to
  poor men if they became soldiers
• Sulla drove Marius out of Rome, declared self
  dictator, tried to reform govt for 3 years, then
  resigned

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Chapter 8-3 The fall of the Republic

• Julius Caesar
• Military hero and most famous leader
• Had a political alliance with Crassus and Pompey
  called a triumvirate (a political alliance of
  three people) after Sulla left
• Marched on Rome and defeated Pompeys forces
  after Crassus died in battle
• Declared self dictator for life and made many
  changes
• Julian calendar (12 month) was created during his
  rule
• Changed in A.D1582, but still basically used
  today
• Had many enemies as well as friends
• Enemies plotted and killed him on March 15
• Beware the des of March

www.bible-history.com/archaeology/rome/julius...
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Julius Caesar Reformer or Dictator?

• Turn to page 284 in your books. Read the two
  opposing opinions and choose your side. Write a
  paragraph depending your position.
• Topic
• Concrete Detail
• Commentary (your opinion)
• After you plug in the information, re-write the
  information to create a paragraph.

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Chapter 8-3 The fall of the Republic

• Roman now an Empire
• Octavian/Antony/Augustus and friends
• Octavian was Caesars nephew (inherited all
  Caesars wealth)
• Antony and Lepidus were top generals for Caesar
• Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus formed the Second
  Triumvirate
• Began to fight almost right away
• Antony fell in love with Cleopatra VII and they
  formed an alliance
• Octavian declared war on them so Antony wouldnt
  take over
• Octavian won at the Battle of Actium
• Cicero was a political leader, writer, and Romes
  greatest public speaker who supported Octavian
  and representative government and was against
  dictators
• Octavian restored republic with some reforms and
  took the titled of Augustus (revered one) which
  began the Roman Empire

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Chapter 8-4 The Early Empire

• A map showing the early Roman Empire

drdavescience.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/rom..
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Chapter 8-4 The Early Empire

• Emperor Augustus
• A long era of peace called Pax Romana started
  with Augustus
• Built permanent, professional army
• Created Praetorian guard who just guarded him
• Restored Romes splendor, fed hungry and poor
  with imported grain
• Appointed a proconsul (governor) for each
  province
• This replaced politicians appointed by the Senate
• Reformed tax and legal systems
• Tax collectors permanent workers
• Created set of laws for non-citizens

Augustus coins
Interesting Information Augustus was emperor
when Jesus was born
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Chapter 8-4 The Early Empire
Caligula

• The emperors who followed Augustus were called
  Julio-Claudian emperors
• Tiberius competent
• Caligula cruel leader
• Claudius competent
• Nero cruel leader (people thought he was
  playing the fiddle while Rome burned!)

Nero
Interesting Information Jesus was 30 years old
when Tiberius was emperor. Tiberius was still
emperor when Jesus was crucified.
Tiberius
Claudius
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Chapter 8-4 The Early Empire Unity and
Prosperity

• Vespasian restored order to Rome after the chaos
  that happened after Nero died
• Began construction on the Colosseum
• Jewish temple destroyed by Vespasians armies to
  put a stop to the rebellion

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Chapter 8-4 The Early Empire

• Mount Vesuvius erupted in A.D 79
• destroying Pompeii

When excavating Pompeii in the mid 19th century,
scientists found molds of bodies.
This picture gives you a view of what Mt.
Vesuvius would have looked like from Ancient
Rome Picture from www.biblehistoryonline.com
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Chapter 8-4 The Early Empire Good emperors
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrain, Antoninus Pius, Marcus
Aurelius

• Under Trajan, Romes European borders fell
  between the Rhine and the Danube rivers.
• Empire flourished under their rule
• Aqueducts are human made water channels that
  carry water a long distance
• Created during prosperous time of the good
  emperors
• Became one of the largest in history

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Chapter 8-4 The Early Empire

• Different people were untied by Roman law, rule,
  and shared identity as Romans
• Although there was a big gap between the rich
  artisans and skilled workers and the people who
  lived in the city and the poor farmers
• Most were farmers that grew grapes, olives, and
  grain
• Agriculture was one of the most important element
  in Romes excellent economy
• Others were artisans who traded with those inside
  and out of Empire
• Trade was very prosperous due to road
  construction and currency (a system of money)