Chapter 5 Greek Civilization

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Chapter 5Greek Civilization

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The Culture of Ancient Greece

• Chapter 5 Section 1

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Greek Religion

• Believed deities affected peoples daily lives
  and shaped events
• Myths were stories about the gods
• Practiced rituals to earn favor with the gods
• Greeks believed in prophecy or predictions about
  the future
• Visited oracle to receive prediction about the
  future
• Most famous was the oracle at Delphi
• Priest/priestess often spoke in riddles

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Greek Poetry and Fables

• Epics
• Homer
• Fables
• Short tales that teach a lesson (moral)
• Passed down orally

The Tortoise and the Hare slow and steady wins
the race
Aesop
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Greek Drama

• Drama performed at ampitheaters
• Actors were all men
• Actors wore mask to show their emotions
• Plays performed during festivals

Tragedy a person struggles to over come
difficulties but fails Struggle against fate
Comedy any drama that has a happy ending
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Chorus sang described events happening
Tragedy Aeschylus wrote Orestia
which teaches that evil acts cause more evil and
suffering Sophocles wrote Oedipus and
Antigone Euripides wrote plays that about
real life people and not the gods
Comedy Aristophanes made fun
of politicians and scholars, told jokes and
encouraged the audience to laugh
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Greek Art and Architecture

• Greek artists believed in the ideas of reason,
  balance, harmony and moderation in their works of
  art

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Architecture

Parthenon
Doric Column

Corinthian Column
Ionic Column
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Greek Philosophy and History

• Chapter 5 Section 2

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Greek Philosophers

• Philosophy love of wisdom
• Led to the studies of history, political science,
  science and math
• Sophists professional traveling teachers
• Did not believe the gods influenced people
• Did not believe in an absolute right

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Greek Philosophers

• Socrates
• Believed an absolute truth existed and all real
  knowledge was within each person
• Accused of teaching the young to rebel against
  the government
• Taught the Socratic Method a form of teaching
  that uses questions to lead students to discover
  things for themselves
• Influenced how teachers interact with their
  students

• Plato
• Students of Socrates
• Rejected the idea of democracy
• In his book Republic, he describes the ideal
  government run by philosopher-kings. Next was
  came a warrior group and finally everyone else
• Introduced the idea that governments should be
  fair and just

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Philosophers Continued

• Aristotle
• Student of Plato
• Opened a school called the Lyceum
• Made advances in science
• Wrote about government in Politics
• Best governments were a run by a mixture of the
  rich and poor
• This belief helped shaped the way the founding
  fathers of America wanted their government to look

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Greek Historians

• Herodotus
• father of history
• Tried to separate fact from fiction in history
• Wrote a detailed history of the Persian Wars
• Thucydides
• Greatest historian of the ancient world
• Wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War
• Did not believe that the gods played a role

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Alexander the Great

• Chapter 5 Section 3

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Philip of Macedonia
Greek city states fell quickly to the Macedonian
army At the Battle of Chaeronea, Philip was able
to realize his dream the control of Greece
Philip of Macedonia spent time in Greece as a
young man Decided to take it over
Philip is murdered and 20 year old Alexander
becomes king
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Alexanders Empire
Empire began in Macedonia and continued to India
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Alexanders Legacy

• Legacy what a person leaves behind when he or
  she dies

Hellenistic is the blending of Greek and eastern
cultures
The spreading of Greek culture as a result of his
conquest. Beginning of the Hellenistic Age
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The Spread of Greek Culture

• Chapter 5 Section 4

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Greek Culture Spreads

• Philosophers, poets, scientists, and writers
  moved to the new Greek cities in southwest Asia,
  particularly Alexandria
• Hellenistic cities wanted to emulate the cities
  of Greece
• Hellenistic literature spoke of love and
  relationships

Meander and Theocritus
Appolonius of Rhodes wrote Argonautica which
tells of the hero Jason and his search for a
golden fleece.
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Philosophy

• Epicureanism Epicurus taught that people must
  find happiness in all that they do. To do this
  they must seek out pleasure
• Stoicism Zeno happiness comes from following
  reason, not emotions, and doing your duty, which
  came in the form of serving your city. Stoics do
  not complain.

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Greek Science and Math

• Archimedes worked on solid geometry,
  established science of physics,figured out value
  of pi, catapults
• Aristarchus established the earth revolves
  around the sun
• Euclid wrote the book Elements and developed
  the concept of plane geometry
• Hipparchus created a system to explain how the
  planet and stars move
• Hippocrates the father of medicine who
  developed a code of behavior for doctors

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Greek Science and Math

• Eratosthenes developed the idea that the earth
  was round and estimated the circumference of the
  earth within 185 miles
• Pythagoras first to establish the principles of
  geometry, believed that relationships in the
  world related to numbers, Pythagorean Theorom