Lezioni di elettrotecnica

1
Assessorato allAmbienteComune di Padova

• Planning of the energy saving and efficiency
  interventions and of the use of renewable energy
  resources for the municipal administration of
  Padua

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• General analysis of the dimensions and
  inefficiencies of the electrical and thermal
  consumption of the municipal administration of
  Padua
• Proposals regarding efficiency interventions,
  energy saving and renewables
• Evaluation of the economic expenses and of the
  environmental advantages
• Articulation of the study into 5 main
  intervention sectors
• public lighting
• traffic lights
• buildings
• transport
• renewable energy resources

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Methodological approach of the problem
• Analysis of the actual state
• Elaboration of efficiency and consumption
  indicators
• Preliminary definition of the interventions
• Estimate of the cost and return time of the
  investments
• Evaluation of the economic expenses and of
  environmental advantages

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Energy and money saving is based on the
  improvement of 3 distinct elements
• Supply contract
• Quality of the plants (and of the structures)
• Management system(and maintainance)

Qualityof the plants (environmental advantages)
High
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Very bad
Management system (environmental advantages)
Supply contract
Good
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Electrical and thermal consumption (excluding
  public lighting)

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Dimensions and costs of the electricityconsumptio
  n for the various sectors (excluding public
  lighting)

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Electrical energy cost distribution

• Electricity consumption distribution

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Distribution of the electricity consumption for
  schools

• Distribution of the electricity consumption for
  cultural services

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Supply contracts

Quality of the plants (Environmental advantages)
SystemManagement(Environmental advantages)
Very bad
Supply contracts
Good
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables
Quality of the plants
systemManagement
Very bad

• Average purchase prices of electrical energy on
  the fixed market per consumption category

Supply contract
Good
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables
Quality of the plants
systemManagement
Very bad

• Average purchase prices of electrical energy on
  the free market

Supply contract
Good
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Improvement of the energy supply contract for 21
  consumption categories (6 new ones)

Quality of the plants
systemManagement
Very bad
Supply contract
Good
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables
Negotiable part of the final price
1. ENERGY
2. PERDITE
3. DISPACCIAMENTO
4. TRASPORTO
5. MAGGIORAZIONI
6. IMPOSTE (dipendono dalle disposizioni
fiscaliin essere e dal regime fiscale del punto
di prelievo)
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Annual consumption of electrical energy of about
  8.500.000 kWh (8,5 GWh)
• Annual contract, renewable for 3 years, with the
  possibility to add new users at the same contract
  conditions
• Discount of 6,6 with respect to the fixed market
  for both LV and MV users (on the negotiable part
  of the energy price)
• Saving over 40.000 /anno

Quality of the plants
systemManagement
Very bad
Supply contract
Good
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Public lighting

Qualityof the plants
High
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Supplycontract
Management System
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Actual state of the plants

High
Quality of the plants
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Light sources

High
Qualitàdegliimpianti
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Intervention strategy in two separate and
  consecutive phases

• First phase
• sostituzione dei 9.800 apparecchi illuminanti
  obsoleti (gonnella) e delle relative lampade a
  bassa efficienza
• sostituzione delle restanti 6.007 lampade a bassa
  efficienza delle lampade ad alta efficienza
• mantenimento degli impianti in serie con
  sostituzione dei trasformatori a bobina mobile
  con regolatori statici elettronici
• installazione di regolatori di flusso negli
  impianti in derivazione, ove possibile
• progressiva messa a norma dei quadri elettrici di
  alimentazione e mantenimento temporaneo di tutte
  le altre parti impiantistiche esistenti
  (sostegni, alimentazioni, quadri, ecc..)

High
Qualityof the plants
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Second phase
• riprogettazione e razionalizzazione delle
  restanti parti di impianto con le risorse
  economiche liberate dagli interventi della prima
  fase
• ulteriore messa a norma dei quadri elettrici
• identificazione e destinazione di parti di
  impianto per la sperimentazione di nuove
  tecnologie di lampade, di apparecchiature per la
  variazione del flusso luminoso e di sistemi di
  telecontrollo
• raggruppamento delle utenze specie in prossimità
  dei quadri alimentati in media tensione
• informatizzazione dei dati di impianto ai fini
  dellottimizzazione della gestione della
  manutenzione
• identificazione cartografica dei punti luce

High
Quality of the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables
High
Qualityof the plants
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Impianti di illuminazione a corrente costante (in
  serie)

High
Qualitàdegliimpianti
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Impianti di illuminazione a corrente costante (in
  serie)

• Sostituzione dei trasformatori a bobina mobile
  per gli impianti in serie con gli alimentatori
  statici
• 30 alimentatori statici da 30 kVA (di cui 2 di
  riserva), con cos f medio di funzionamento pari a
  0,95 al posto degli 88 trasformatori da 15 kVA
  (di cui 10 di riserva)
• Ulteriore risparmio di energia elettrica pari
  all8,5 del consumo con lampade ad alta
  efficienza (2.765.000 kWh)

High
Qualitàdegliimpianti
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Impianti di illuminazione a tensione costante (in
  derivazione)

• Installazione di riduttori di flusso
• 82 riduttori di flusso attualmente funzionanti su
  un totale di 410 quadri elettrici
• Si ipotizza linstallazione di almeno altri 100
  riduttori di flusso luminoso in altrettanti
  quadri elettrici
• Ulteriore risparmio di energia elettrica del 5
  della totale energia in derivazione (si considera
  solo una parte dellimpianto di illuminazione per
  il 50 del tempo di accensione)

High
Qualitàdegliimpianti
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings Transport
Renewables

• Cost/benefit estimate

High
Qualityof the plants
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Traffic lights

Quality of the plants
High
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Mobility and traffic sector
• Electrical consumption distribution

High
Qualitàdegliimpianti
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Actual state of the traffic light system

High
Quality of the plants
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Replacement with LED lamps of only the lamps with
  diameter 300 mm (100 W)

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Cost/benefit estimate

High
Quality of the plants
Poor
systemManagement
Supplycontract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Buildings

Quality of the plants
High
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Very bad
System management
Supply contract
Good
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Subdivision and distinct analysis of electrical
  and thermal energy (prevailing part)
• Estimate of the efficiency degree by confronting
  specific consumption with reference values
  according to the sector with a homogeneous user
  destination
• Intervention possibility
• plant and structures quality
• consumption management
• supply contracts

Quality of the plants
Supply contract
Management system
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Electricity consumption

• Average statistical reference values

Quality of the plants
Supply contract
Management system
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Electricity consumption

• Completed analysis for
• School services
• Asili nido
• Scuole materne
• Scuole elementari
• Scuole medie
• Sport facilities
• Palestre
• Campi sportivi

Quality of the plants
Supply contract
Management system
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Electricity Consumption
Quality of the plants

• School services

Supply contract
Management system
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi elettrici

• Asili nido

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi elettrici

• Scuole materne

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi elettrici

• Scuole elementari

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi elettrici

• Scuole medie

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Electricity consumption
Qualityof the plants

• Sport facilities

Supply contract
Management system
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi elettrici

• Palestre

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi elettrici

• Campi sportivi

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Thermal consumption

• Classification of the thermal efficiency of the
  buildings based on a confrontation between a
  thermal limit and a consumption indicator

Qualityof the plants
Supply contract
Management system
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi termici

• Asili nido

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi termici

• Scuole materne

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi termici

• Scuole elementari

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi termici

• Scuole medie

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi termici

• Campi sportivi

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Consumi termici

• Palestre

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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Thermal consumption

• Transformation of the fuel boilers in methane
  boilersEnvironment benefits

Qualityof the plants
systemManagement
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables
Thermal consumption

• Transformation of the fuel boilers in methane
  boilersEnvironment benefits

Quality of the plants
systemManagement
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Transport

Qualityof the plants
High
Poor
SystemManagement
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Incidence percentage of transport on polluting
  emissions

High
Qualityof the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Management system
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Distribution of the motor vehicles according to
  typology

High
Qualityof the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Management system
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Distribution of the motor vehicles according to
  sector

High
Qualityof the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Management system
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Distribution of motor vehicles according to
  alimentation type

High
Qualityof the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Management system
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Distribution of the motor vehicles according to
  registration year

High
Qualityof the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Management system
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Distribution of total expenses in the year 2004

High
Quality of the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Management system
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Distribution of fuel expenses in the year 2004

High
Quality of the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Management system
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Statistical use of cars and lorries

High
Quality of the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Management system
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Average values of the main polluting emissions

High

• Average distance per 10 of fuel

Quality of the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Management system
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Comparison between petrol and methane combustion
  costs (estimated cost for methane plant
  installation 2000 )

High
Quality of the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Management system
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• The replacement/transformation of 20 motor
  vehicles running on petrol with bifuel vehicles
  (40 of the municipal vehicles with an average
  annual of15.000 km)brings on a saving of
  18.000-20.000 /yearon the fuel expenses with an
  investment of 40.000 and a return time of about
  2 years

High
Quality of the plants
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Management system
Supply contract
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Renewables

Quality of the plants
High
Poor
Excellent
Absent
Very bad
Management system
Supply contract
Good
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Introduction Supply Contracts Public
lighting Traffic lights Buildings
Transport Renewables

• Introduction, where possible, of solar panel to
  produce hot water
• Opening of an energy efficiency and renewables
  counter
• Electrical energy production from photovoltaic
  panels covering municipal parkings

65
Conclusion

• All sectors have the possibility to introduce
  interventions for economic and environmental
  benefits

66
Conclusioni

• Further activities and initiatives
• Water cycle analyses
• Revision of the management and maintainance
  contract of public lighting
• Revision of the heat management contract
• Behaviour rules (ethical)
• Per informazioni
• Ufficio Agenda21
• 049-802.24.88
• padova21_at_comune.padova.it