Organic Compounds

1
Organic Compounds
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Hydrocarbon Derivatives

• Each of the following classes of organic
  compounds has a carbon chainrepresented by the
  letter R, followed by a substitution.

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Halocarbons

• R-X
• X a member of the halogen family

4
Properties

• Tend to be nonpolar compounds
• Outlawed due to damage to environment
• Can be toxic

5
Alcohols

• R-OH
• -OH is known as a hydroxyl group

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Properties

• Polar molecules
• Used in hand creams, soaps, and cosmetics

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Ethers

• R-O-R
• R and R are hydrocarbon chains separated by an
  oxygen.

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Properties

• Lower boiling points than alcohols
• Common solvent for organics
• Used as an anesthetics in early 19th century
• Used in gasoline to reduce pollution and improve
  engine efficiency.

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Aldehydes and Ketones

• Aldehyde R-CHO
• Ketone R-COR

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Properties

• Formaldehyde used to preserve biological
  specimen
• Acetone used to remove nail polish
• Many have appealing tastes and fragrances
• Ice cream and candy flavorings

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Carboxylic Acids and Esters

• R-COOH
• Contained in many familiar foods
• Vinegar
• Raspberries
• Tomatoes
• Green apples