Organic Compounds

1
Organic Compounds

• Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins Nucleic Acids

2
Carbon

• Why is carbon so special?
• Atomic 6
• 4 valence electrons
• Can make up to 4 covalent bonds
• Building block for the biomolecules of life!

3
Macromolecules

• 4 Macromolecules
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Protein
• Nucleic Acids
• People Love Chicken Nuggets

4
Macromolecules

• Every macromolecule has
• Monomer
• Single unit of a whole
• Polymer
• Many units or monomers bonded together

5
Carbohydrates

• Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• Unique 121 pattern
• Used for energy mostly and sometimes for
  structure in plants
• Monomer monosaccharide
• 2 monomers disaccharide
• Polymer polysaccharide

6
Units of Carbs

• There are 3 monosaccharides
• Glucose our energy source
• Fructose - sweetner
• Galactose not as common
• There are 3 polysaccharides
• Glycogen how we store carbs
• Starch how plants store carbs
• Cellulose structure in plants

7
Lipids

• Made of carbon hydrogen
• Does not dissolve in water
• High ratio of carbon and hydrogen atoms
• Four types of lipids
• Fats
• Oils
• Waxes

8
Triglycerides
9
Triglycerides - FATS

• Saturated Fat
• Have no double bonds in their fatty acid chains
  maximum of H atoms
• Straight chain
• Usually animal fats
• Solid at room temperature

10
Triglycerides OILS

• Unsaturated Fat
• Have at least one double bond in their fatty acid
  chain
• Forms a kink in the chain
• Usually oils and from plants
• Liquid at room temperature

11
Phospholipid
12
Phospholipid

• Found in all our cells
• Makes up the cell membrane
• 2 layers of phospholipids ? lipid bilayer

13
Phospholipid Bilayer
14
Wax

• One fatty acid chain to a glycerol
• Waterproof
• Create protective layer in animals and plants

15
Steroids - hormones
16
Steroids

• Four carbon rings linked together
• Usually our hormones
• Ex Cholesterol is found in our cell membranes

17

• http//www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/obesity/obesity
  _molecular/01.html
• http//www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx
  ?IDAP13204

18
(No Transcript)
19
Protein

• Macromolecules with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
  nitrogen
• Monomer amino acid
• 2 monomers dipeptide
• Polymer polypeptide

20
Amino Acids

• Each amino acid has three main groups
• Amino group
• Carboxyl group
• R group (changes)
• Change the formation and properties of the amino
  acid

21
Amino Acid
22
Glycine
23
R group

• The R group makes each amino acid different
• There are 20 possible amino acids based off this
  one group
• The R group is variable

24
(No Transcript)
25
Proteins

• Peptide bond covalent
• bond
• Links amino acids together
• For every peptide bond, one molecule of water is
  formed

26
Video

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vva0DNJId_CM

27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
Video

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vlijQ3a8yUYQ

32
Enzymes

• Proteins are in our bodies everywhere!
• Enzyme is a type of protein that is a catalyst
• Catalyst starts a reaction
• Produce proteins

33
Enzymes

• Each enzyme has an area known as the active site
• Where a specific molecule binds and a reaction
  occurs
• The molecule binding is called a substrate

34
Enzyme conditions

• Enzymes work at a specific conditions
• Temperature
• pH
• Causes enzyme to change shape and lose its
  function

35

• http//www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/co
  ntent/proteinstructure.html

36
Nucleic Acids

• Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
  phosphorus

37
Nucleic Acids

• Monomer nucleotide
• 5 carbon sugar
• Phosphorous group
• Nitrogenous base

38
Properties

• Store genetic information
• Two kinds of nucleic acids
• DNA
• RNA

39
Fold it!

• Help scientists figure out protein folding
• This game is open to the public
• The first hundred puzzles are known proteins
• But many proteins are not decoded and scientists
  are asking for our help to figure them out
• http//fold.it/