Organic Vs. Inorganic Compounds

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Organic Vs. Inorganic Compounds

• Chapter 24

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Think About It ?

• How does chemical bonding affect the formation of
  simple organic compounds?
• In what way do biological polymers have a role in
  living things?

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Standard PS-3

• 3.2 Infer the practical applications of organic
  and inorganic substances on the basis of their
  chemical and physical properties.

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Organic Substances

• Organic Chemistry study of carbon-containing
  compounds
• An organic compound
• Usually composed of carbon and hydrogen
• Some with oxygen, nitrogen, halogens, even sulfur
• Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds (also bonds
  with itself in chains, branched chains, or rings)
• Can form strong single, double, or triple bonds
• 16 million compounds known

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Organic Substances

• Hydrocarbons- Produce more than 90 of energy we
  use
• Composed of carbon hydrogen
• CH4 methane
• C3H8 propane
• C2H6 ethane
• Saturated Hydrocarbon contains all of the
  hydrogen atoms it can hold

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Organic compounds continued

• Unsaturated compounds compounds that contain at
  least one or more double or triple bonds
• Ethene, Ethyne

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Organic Substances

• Petroleum a liquid fossil fuel made by decaying
  ancient organisms---used in fuels and to make
  plastics
• Polymers Chains of smaller molecules linked
  together
• Repeating units of monomers
• Poly. prefix
• Example
• Monomer -A-
• Polymer -A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-

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Polymers
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Organic Substances

• Biological compounds
• Proteins polymers of amino acids (chain of about
  50)
• Amino acid (20) acid end/base end
• Make up muscles, tendons, hair, fingernails

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• Carbohydrate polymers of sugars
• Monosaccharide - glucose
• Disaccharide sucrose (table sugar)
• Polysaccharide
• Energy--starch
• Nucleic Acids organic polymers that control
  activities and reproduction of cells
• DNA

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• Lipids contain same elements as carbohydrates
  but in different proportions
• includes fats, oils, and cholesterol
• saturated fats only single bonds
• unsaturated fats contain at least one double
  bond

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Inorganic Substances

• Not organicthey do not contain bonds between
  carbon atoms
• Metals, metalloids
• Semi-conductors, ceramics

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Organic/Inorganic Substances

• C6H13NO2 (Lucien amino acid in protein)
• C6H12O6 (glucose)
• C5H5N5 (adenine)
• NaCl (salt)
• PO4 (phosphate ion)