Chapter 14 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Halogens

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Chapter 14Organic Compounds with Oxygen and
Halogens

• CHEM 2124 General Chemistry II
• Alfred State College
• Professor Bensley

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Learning Objectives

• Identify alcohols, ethers and alkyl halides.
• Classify alcohols and alkyl halides as 1 2 or
  3
• Determine the properties of alcohols, ethers, and
  alkyl halides.
• Name alcohols, ehters, and alkyl halides.
• Draw the products of the dehydration of alcohols.
• Determine the products of alcohol oxidation.

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Alcohols

• Structure and Properties
• Classification

1o
2o
3o
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Alcohols
B. Shape and bond angle
C. Polarity
D. Intermolecular Forces
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Alcohols
E. Melting points and boiling points
F. Solubility
2 Cs in chain water soluble
8 Cs in chain water insoluble
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Alcohols

1. Nomenclature

Give the IUPAC name of the following alcohol.
Example

• Common Names
• Diols and Triols

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Alcohols

1. Interesting Common Alcohols

• Methanol (CH3OH)

• Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)

• 2-Propanol (CH3)2CHOH), isopropyl alcohol

• Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH)

• Glycerol (HOCH2)2CHOH

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Alcohols

1. Reactions of Alcohols

A. Oxidation

• of CO bonds, of CH bonds

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Alcohol Oxidation
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Alcohols
B. Dehydration (Elimination Reaction) Major
Lab 2
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Alcohols

• Asymmetric alcohols can form two possible
  products.

H
H
H
C1
C2
C3
CH3
H
H2O
H
H2SO4
1-butene
H
H
H
C1
C2
C3
CH3
H
H2O
2-butanol
H
major product
2-butene

• Zaitsev Rule

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Ethers

1. Structure and Properties

A. Shape and bond angle
B. Polarity
C. Intermolecular Forces?
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Ethers
D. Melting and Boiling Points
E. Solubilities
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Ethers

1. Nomenclature

Simple ethers are usually assigned common names
methyl
ethyl
ethyl
ethyl
ethyl methyl ether
diethyl ether
More complex ethers are named using the IUPAC
system
CH3O methoxy
CH3CH2O ethoxy
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Alkyl Halides

1. Structure and Properties

1o
2o
3o

• Polarities, Intermolecular forces, Melting and
  Boiling Points, Solubility

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Alkyl Halides

1. Nomenclature

Give the IUPAC name of the following alkyl halide.
Example