Elements, Compounds, and Organic Compounds

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Elements, Compounds, and Organic Compounds
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Matter

• Everything in the universe is made up of matter.
  Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
  space.
• - All matter is made up of elements.

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Atom

• An atom is the smallest unit or piece of an
  element that still has all the properties of that
  element.
• Soan atom of gold is the smallest amount of gold
  you can get.

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Element

• An element is a substance that cannot be
  separated into simpler parts by ordinary means.
  
• Each element is made up of one type of atom.
• Examples Gold, Iron, Oxygen, Lead, Copper,
  Nickel, Sodium

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Elements

• Basically this means that everything is made up
  of elements, or different types of atoms. If you
  took a piece of gold and kept cutting it in half,
  eventually you would get to the point where it
  cannot be made any smaller. You would get down
  to 1 atom of the element gold

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• There are over a hundred different elements, but
  only 94 are found naturally-we made the rest!

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Elements

• The chemical symbol for an element is the one or
  two letter abbreviation for the element.
• The chemical symbol always starts with a capital
  letter.
• If an element has a 2-letter symbol, then the
  first letter is capitalized and the second letter
  is lower-case.
• It does not always match up with the letters in
  the name, though usually they do.
• Examples S for Sulfur and Na for sodium comes
  from the Latin name for it natrium

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Compounds

• A compound is a combination of two or more
  elements.
• You can determine how many elements are in a
  compound by counting the number of Capital
  Letters.
• Example CO2 has 2 different elements in it.

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Molecules

• Molecules are formed when 2 or more atoms are
  joined together chemically.
• If its 2 or more atoms of the same element, its
  a molecule of that element
• O2 contains 2 atoms of oxygen
• If two or more different elements are joined, it
  is a compound and a molecule.
• Ex. NaCl, C6H12O6
• All compounds are molecules, but not all
  molecules are compounds.

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SUMMARY Atom - the smallest particle of matter
and makes up elements Element - matter
consisting of only one type of atom Molecule
- one or more atoms chemically combined. 1
type of atom element 2 or more types of atoms
compound Compound - two or more different
elements chemically combined
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Lets Review
What is an element?
An element is any substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances.  The
smallest unit of an element is an atom.
What is a compound?
A compound is any chemical that is made of two
or more different elements
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What are organic compounds?

• Organic compounds are always composed of carbon
  along with hydrogen

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• Organic compounds are compounds that usually come
  from organisms. They always have carbon but may
  contain other elements like sulfur,
  phosphorus,oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and
  hydrogen. C,H,O,N,P,S
• Examples Alcohol, Sugar, Fat, Protein.

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Organic Compounds

• Organic Compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, and
  various other elements.
• C6H12O6 is an organic compound that contains
  carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• CH4 is methane an organic compound that contains
  carbon and hydrogen.
• CH3CH2CH3 is propane and an organic compound.
• CO2 is not organic since it doesnt have any
  HYDROGEN along with the CARBON.

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ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

• The most common organic compounds found in living
  organisms are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins,
  and nucleic acids.

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• ORGANIC vs INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
• Organic compounds are produced by living (biotic)
  things.
• Inorganic compounds are produced by non
  living (abiotic)
• natural process or by human intervention in
  laboratory.
• 2.Inorganic compounds can form salts but organic
  can't .
• 3. Organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen
  bonds.
• Inorganic compounds don't have carbon
  hydrogen together .
• 5. Inorganic compounds contain metal atoms.
• Organic compounds don't .

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What is the difference between organic and
inorganic compounds?
Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen
and usually are associated with living things
What elements are most living things made of?
CHONPS Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus ,and Sulfur
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Which element is considered the foundation for
making organic compounds? Why?
Carbon because adding different elements to
carbon changes its physical and chemical
properties to make all the different organic
compounds needed to support life such as
carbohydrates, fats, waxes, oils, proteins ,
and DNA.
Is the compound water (H2O) an organic compound?
Explain.
No, because the compound water does not have a
carbon backbone.
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SUGARS

• Plants make sugars, starch, and cellulose. with
  two simple molecules (CO2 and water).
  Consequently, sugars are used to make oils and
  fats. The general name for oils and fats are
  lipids.

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LIPIDS

• Lipids (oils and fats) are another class of
  organic compounds built from oxygen, hydrogen,
  and carbon.

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PROTEINS

• How do we make protein? Hydrogen, carbon, and
  oxygen are amazing building blocks, but to make
  something as complicated as protein, we need
  another element. That would be nitrogen.

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CARBOHYDRATES

• Some examples of carbohydrates. Sugar, starch,
  cellulose (wood fiber), and glycogen. Glycogen is
  like starch but is created in animals for the
  purpose of storing chemical energy. The small
  black granules (dots) are glycogen.

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With energy from light, plants can build sugars
(glucose) from carbon dioxide and water.

• There are a number of elements such like
  sulfur, phosphorus,oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and
  hydrogen. SPONCH that are important for living
  systems. Carbon, the most important of these
  elements, is central to the chemistry of
  biological systems because of its unique bonding
  characteristics. Carbon compounds are usually
  classified as organic compounds

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QUIZ
For a molecule to be considered inorganic it must
NOT contain____________________. Oxygen Carbon Hyd
rogen Sulfur