Industrial Revolution 1750-1900

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Industrial Revolution 1750-1900

• Arose from Scientific Revolution and the
  Enlightenment periods. (okay for people to think
  again)
• Transformed the world like no other time period.
  Affected all areas of life, especially
  economically and socially.

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Prior to Agricultural Revolution

• Substinence Agriculture- Small strip farms
  people farmed just to survive.
• Necessity fuels changes (Great Britain)
• Increasing Population
• Need for more food
• Imports dropped

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Agricultural Revolution

• New Farming techniques
• Enclosure movement
• Crop Rotation
• Inventions/Crops
• Seed Drill
• Cultivator
• Turnip, Corn and potato
• No longer had to farm to survive, people could do
  other things

4
Textiles (Clothing)

• More Demand -increasing population
• Inventions
• Spinning Jenny, Power loom, Water Frame, Cotton
  Gin

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Factories

• Factory System - Mass production
• Assembly line led to lack of quality and safety
  hazards
• Increase in pollution and work related illnesses.

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New Energy Sources

• Coal Mining

• Steam Engines

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Transportation

• Need to transport more goods and resources
• Asphalt roads
• Railroads
• Steam powered ships

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Industrial Revolution ? Great Britain

• Factors of Production (FOP)
• Land (resources) coal and Iron ore.
• Labor (workers) now that people are not farming.
• Capital (Money and equipment) From Exports/Slave
  trade.
• Entrepreneurs (risk takers) investors in new
  ideas.

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Society

• Less people farming led to increasing populations
  in the cities.
• Family structure broke down, women and children
  now working.
• Increase in crime.
• Poor Health conditions due to lack of sanitation.
• Different Philosophy of Work more emphasis on
  production changed peoples mindset.
• Introduced 2 economic systems that dominated the
  world for the next Century and a half, Capitalism
  and Communism

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Capitalism

• Capitalism- production, distribution, and
  exchange of goods to make a profit.
• Creates a need for (FOP) Land labor and capital.
• Thrives in a Laissez Faire (Free Market) an
  economy without Government intervention, allows
  the natural forces of supply and demand to occur.
  

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Karl Marx Communist Manifesto (1848)

• Communist theory was in direct response to
  Capitalism.
• Aimed at reducing the class structure (mid-class)
  No one would be exploited, all wealth should be
  distributed equally.
• Everyone puts into the Government and the
  Government distributes the wealth evenly.

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Capitalism

• An economic system characterized by private or
  corporation ownership of capital goods, by
  investments that are determined by private
  decision rather than state control, and by
  prices, production, , and the distribution of
  goods that are determined mainly on the free
  market

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Socialism

• Any various economic an political theories
  advocating collective or governmental ownership
  and administration of the means of production and
  distribution of goods.
• No private property
• A transitional stage between capitalism and
  communism distinguished by unequal distribution
  of goods and pay according to work done

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Communism

• A totalitarian system of government in which a
  single authoritarian party controls state owned
  means of production with the professed aim of
  establishing a stateless society
• Final stage of society in Marxist theory in which
  the state has withered away and economic goods
  are distributed equally

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The End

• What will the next hundred years bring in
  innovations?

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