Industrial Revolution Chapter 9 1700-1900

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Industrial RevolutionChapter 91700-1900

• Standard 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the
  Industrial Revolution in England, France,
  Germany, Japan and the United States

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Introduction to Industrial Revolution

• When ?
• Began in England in 1750
• By the late 1800s Germany, U.S., Japan and
  Russia were industrialized

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Introduction to Industrial Revolution
Where ?
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Introduction to Industrial Revolution
What ?

• The shift from making goods by hand to making
  them by machine.

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Introduction to Industrial Revolution
Why ?
Agricultural Revolution
Enclosure Movement
More food
Rise in population
Migration to cities
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Introduction to Industrial Revolution
How ?

• Machines in Factories!!!!
• New inventions in Communication and Transportation

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Introduction to Industrial Revolution
Who ?

• Philosophers
• Smith
• Malthus
• Ricardo
• Bentham
• Mill
• Marx

• Scientists
• Watt
• Whitney
• Bessemer
• Pasteur
• Edison
• Darwin
• Pavlov
• Freud

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Legacy of the Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution affected all classes of
  society in several different ways-
• Politically
• Socially
• Economically

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Sec. 1 Beginnings of Industrialization

• Industrial Revolution
• Begins in England in 1700s but another
  revolution had to occur first!!

• Agricultural Revolution
• Enclosures

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Agricultural Revolution

• Enclosure movement has 2 major effects
• Land owners experiment with new methods
• Small farmers forced to become tenant farmers or
  migrate to cities to look for work

• New Methods
• Crop rotation
• Livestock breeding

Increase in food production
Increase in population
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Crop Rotation and Breeding
Why was crop rotation and Livestock breeding so
important to the industrial Revolution?
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Why the Industrial Revolution began in England!

• Natural resources- coal, iron ore, rivers,
  harbors
• Labor supply
• Capital
• Entrepreneurs
• Transportation
• Markets
• Political Stability
• Factors of Production- land, labor, capital

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Inventions Spur Industrialization(Textiles)
Power Loom
Flying Shuttle
Eli Whitney
Spinning Jenny
Cotton Gin
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Textiles

• The new textile machines were large and expensive
• Making clothes now moved from the home to
  factories

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Why is transportation so important to the success
of the Industrial Revolution?
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Improvements in Transportation
Robert Fulton
The Clermont
James Watt
Steam Engine
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Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain

• Cheap Transportation
• Created new jobs
• Helped Englands
• agricultural and fishing industries
• Encouraged country people to take city jobs

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Section 2 Industrialization

• A Mixed Blessing

• Negatives
• unhealthy working
• conditions
• pollution
• child labor
• class tensions

• Positives
• more jobs
• economic opportunities

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Urbanization

• City building and the movement of people to
  cities
• Why were so many people migrating to the cities?
• Londons population
• 1800 - 1 million
• 1901 3 million

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Urbanization and Living Conditions
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Urbanization and Living Conditions
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Urbanization

• What problems would occur as a result of so many
  people moving to the city?
• Whose responsibility is it to improve the living
  conditions in the city?
• What steps can be taken to improve the living
  conditions?

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Sec. 2 Class Tension Grows
Why did the landowners have little or no respect
for factory owners?

• British Social Classes
• Upper class- landowners, aristocrats, factory
  owners, bankers
• Upper middle class-managers, merchants, doctors,
  lawyers
• Lower middle class- factory overseers, skilled
  workers
• Working class- laborers, unskilled workers

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Sec. 2 The Luddites

• Ned Ludd- destroyed machinery and attacked
  factories
• Why?

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Sec. 2 Positive Effects of Industrialization

• List the positive effects
• Created jobs, wealth
  
• Technology, inventions
• Production of goods increased leading to lower
  prices
• Higher wages leads to healthier diets, better
  housing
• Educational opportunities
• Overall, higher standard of living

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The Mills of Manchester

• Why was Manchester the perfect city for a
  factory?
• Access to waterpower
• Labor
• Outlet to the sea at Liverpool

• How was Manchester an example of the best and the
  worst of the Industrial Revolution?
• Child labor, dangerous working conditions,
  pollution
• Creates wealth, standard of living rises

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Child Labor
Child Labor

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Section 3 Industrialization Spreads
Technological Boom!!

• United States Expansion
• Natural resources- oil, coal, iron
• Inventions- lights bulb, telephone
• railroads

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Industrialization in United States

• Britain forbids engineers to leave
• 1789 Samuel Slater immigrates to U.S.
• Lowell, Massachusetts- 1st major industrial city
  in U.S.

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Section 3 Rise of Corporations

• How do you raise enough money to start a
  business?
• Sell shares of stock in order to form corporations

John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie
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Sec. 3 Continental Europe

1. How was Belgium able to industrialize quickly?
2. Why was Germany slow to industrialize?
3. Give some specific examples of why other European
   nations did not industrialize.

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Sec. 3 The Impact

• To keep factories running, industrialized nations
  needed raw materials. Where are they going to get
  these resources?
• From poor non-industrialized nations.
• How do you think industrialized nations chose the
  areas they would colonize?
• On the basis of their natural resources!

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The Impact, continued

• The need for both additional resources and
  markets ultimately led to Imperialism
• Imperialism- a policy in which a strong nation
  seeks to dominate other nations politically,
  economically, or socially
• What do you think was the most significant effect
  of the Industrial Revolution? Why? (p.299)

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Section 4 Reforming the Industrial World

• Socialism, Capitalism, and Labor Unions

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How Do You Solve the Problems of
Industrialization?

• Standard 10.3.6 Analyze the emergence of
  Capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the
  responses to it including Utopianism, Social
  Democracy, Socialism, Communism

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Sec. 4 Philosophers of Industrialization

• Capitalism- an economic system in which the
  factors of production are privately owned and
  money is invested in business ventures to make a
  profit.
• Laissez faire- the economic policy of letting
  owners of industry and business set working
  conditions without interference
• Economics- the study of how society chooses to
  use scarce resources to satisfy its unlimited
  wants and needs

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Adam Smith- The Wealth of Nations

• 3 natural laws
• Self-interest
• Competition
• Supply and demand
• Government should stay out of business!

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Thomas Malthus- An Essay on the Principle of
Population (1798)

• What are these 2 charts telling us
• about the relationship between population and
  resources?
• 2. What is the consequence of this relationship?

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Laissez faire philosophers(what are the effects
of population growth?)

• David Ricardo- Principles of Political Economy
  and Taxation
• If there were more workers than jobs available
  what would be the result?
• If there were more jobs than workers what would
  be the result?

Conclusion Wages would go lower as a population
increased
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Laissez fair philosophers believe

1. That government should resist the idea of helping
   poor workers
2. Passing laws would upset the free market system
   and result in less wealth!

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Utilitarianism- the government should try to
promote the greatest good for the greatest number
of people
John Stuart Mill Reforms in education, Law and
prisons
Jeremy Bentham
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Utopian Ideas- Robert Owen
New Lanark, Scotland
New Harmony, Indiana
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Socialism the factors of production (land,
labor, capital) are owned by the public.

• Government should plan the economy
• and consequently control factories mines,
  railroads, etc.
• Public ownership would promote
• equality and end poverty.

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Karl Marx The Communist
Manifesto
Workers of the World Unite!
Zedong
Castro
Lenin
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Communist Manifesto

• Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat
• (Employers) vs. (Workers)
• Prediction the proletariat would revolt and take
  over the factories.
• In Communism, all means of production (land,
  mines, factories, businesses, etc.) would be
  owned by the people. No private property and all
  resources are shared equally!
• Consequently, poverty disappears.
• dictatorship of the proletariat

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Marx was wrong (on a few things!)

1. Economic forces do not completely dominate
   society. Religion, Nationalism, Democracy are
   strong forces as well.
2. Wages and the standard of living has increased.
3. Legislation passed to protect workers.

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Communism continued

1. What is the difference between capitalism and
   communism?
2. Describe how Karl Marx was wrong in his
   predictions. (page 304)
3. Which nations are communist today?(p.304)

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Labor Unionsand Reform Laws

• What were the main problems faced by the unions
  and how did they overcome them?

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Labor Unions

• Unions- an association of workers formed to
  bargain for better working conditions and higher
  wages
• Collective Bargaining- negotiations between
  workers and factory owners.
• If factory owners refused the demands of workers,
  how would the workers respond?
• Strike- refuse to work
• Combination Acts- British Parliament outlaws
  unions and strikes

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• How does a strike effect
• Workers?
• Employers?
• Public?

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Reform Laws
http//www.nationalchildlabor.org/

• Factory Act of 1833
• Mines Act of 1842
• Ten Hours Act of 1847
• National Child Labor Committee
• How would Adam Smith respond to these
  Parliamentary laws?
• How would Karl Marx respond?

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Reform Spreads

• Slavery- abolished in British territories (1833)
• Slavery ends in the United States after the Civil
  War (1865)

William Lloyd Garrison
William Wilberforce
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Womens Rights
Hull House

• Jane Addams
• Settlement houses
• International Council of Women

http//www.icw-cif.org/
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If we do not prepare children to become good
citizens, if we do not enrich their minds with
knowledge, then our republic must go down to
destruction
Education
Horace Mann
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Chapter 10 An Age of Progress 1815-1914

• Section 4 19th century progress

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Thomas Edison
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Alexander Bell and Guglielmo Marconi
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Henry Ford
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Assembly Line

• How did the assembly line affect
• Workers?
• Prices?

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Wilbur and Orville WrightDecember 17, 1903- 59
seconds
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Louis Pasteur
Pasteurization is the process that purifies milk
and helps it stay fresher, longer. Milk is
pasteurized by heating it to 72C for 16 seconds
then quickly cooling it to 4C. Pasteurization is
named after Louis Pasteur, the famous scientist
who discovered that the process destroyed
bacteria that naturally develops in raw milk. By
destroying the bacteria, milk becomes safe to
drink and holds its delicious flavor for much
longer.
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Joseph Lister
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Charles Darwin
How can we explain the tremendous variety of
plants and animals on earth?
Theory of Evolution
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Gregor Mendel
Genetics
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John DaltonDmitri Mendeleev
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Marie and Pierre Curie
Radioactivity
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Ivan PavlovSigmund Freud
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Review 1

• What are the 3 factors of production?

• Land
• Labor
• Capital

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Review 2

• I destroyed factories and machines!

Luddites
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Review 3

• A policy in which a strong nation dominates a
  weaker nation politically, economically, and
  socially

• Imperialism

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Review 4

• I wrote the Wealth of Nations. I explained the 3
  laws of economics.
• Self-interest
• Competition
• Supply and demand

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Review 5

• I wrote the Communist Manifesto. What did I
  predict?

Karl Marx
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Review 6

• Collective bargaining

• Before a union decides to go on strike.The
  employers and employees meet to discuss wages and
  working conditions. This process is called ?

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Chapter 8

• Sec. 4 Revolutions in the Arts

Standard 10.3.7 Describe the emergence of
Romanticism in art and literature(poetry of
William Blake and William Wordsworth), social
criticism, (novels of Charles Dickens)
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Romanticism
Mary Shelley

• Emphasized inner feelings, emotion
• Focused on mysterious, supernatural, horrifying
• Love beauties of nature
• Glorified heroes
• Cherished folk traditions, music, stories
• Valued common people, the individual
• Promoted radical change, democracy

Standard 10.3.7 Describe the emergence of
Romanticism
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Romantic Writers- nature is the true source of
beauty . Celebrate rebellious heroes, passionate
love, mystery of nature.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe
John Keats
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She Walks in Beauty 1She walks in beauty, like
the nightOf cloudless climes and starry
skiesAnd all that's best of dark and
brightMeet in her aspect and her eyesThus
mellow'd to that tender lightWhich heaven to
gaudy day denies. 2One shade the more, one ray
the less,Had half impair'd the nameless
graceWhich waves in every raven tress,Or softly
lightens o'er her faceWhere thoughts serenely
sweet expressHow pure, how dear their dwelling
place. 3And on that cheek, and o'er that
brow,So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,The smiles
that win, the tints that glow,But tell of days
in goodness spent,A mind at peace with all
below,A heart whose love is innocent!
Lord Byron
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My Heart Leaps Up
William Wordsworth
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Composers Emphasize Emotion
Beethoven
Chopin
Wagner
Liszt
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Realism
Courbet
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Charles Dickens
Oliver Twist
Social criticism
A Christmas Carol
What is the focus of realist literature?
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Impressionism
Claude Monet
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Impressionism
Renior
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Industrialization Review

1. Why was Britain the 1st nation to industrialize?
2. What was the Agricultural revolution?
3. Describe the main points of the Communist
   Manifesto.
4. What idea did Louis Pasteur contribute to
   science?
5. What is the theory of evolution?
6. Describe how Romanticism was a reaction against
   the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment.

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Ch. 9 sec. 1
Copy Questions, answer in complete sentences, use
pen

1. Define Industrial Revolution
2. What are enclosures?
3. What were two results of the enclosure movement?
4. What is crop rotation?
5. What contributed to Englands population boom?
6. List Englands natural resources
7. Define factors of production
8. What was the first industry to be affected by the
   Industrial Revolution?
9. Why were the first factories built near rivers?
10. Which invention helped to increase U.S. cotton
    production?
11. How did James Watt contribute to the Industrial
    Revolution?
12. What is an entrepreneur?
13. What was the Clermont?
14. Who built the worlds first railroad line?
15. How did the invention of the locomotive
    revolutionize life in Britain?

Standard 10.3.1,10.3.2, 10.3.5
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Ch. 9 sec. 2

• What is urbanization?
• Why did factories develop in clusters?
• Describe the living conditions in Englands
  cities.
• How long was the average work day?
• Describe the working conditions in the factories.
• Why were so many woman and children employed in
  factories and mines?
• Before the Industrial Revolution, who occupied
  the top position in British society?
• Which groups made up the upper middle class? The
  lower middle class?
• Who were the Luddites?
• Describe the Factory Act of 1919.
• Answer the following questions in a paragraph
• What were the positive effects of the Industrial
  Revolution?
• Why was Manchester the perfect city to build a
  factory?
• As a factory worker, what could you do to improve
  your working conditions?

Copy questions, answer in complete sentences, use
pen
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Ch. 9 sec. 3
Copy questions, answer in Complete sentences,
use pen

1. Which natural resources did the United States
   possess?
2. How did Britain attempt to keep the secrets of
   the industrialization to itself?
3. When and where was the first factory built in the
   United States?
4. Which American city became a model for other
   industrialized cities?
5. What contributed to the industrial boom after the
   end of the Civil War?
6. Define stock
7. Define corporation
8. How did the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars
   affect the development of industrialization in
   Europe?
9. How was Belgium able to industrialize?
10. What factors slowed industrialization in Germany?
11. How come many European nations did not
    industrialize?
12. What did industrialized countries require?
13. What is imperialism?
14. How did industrialization lead to imperialism?
15. What was the most significant effect of the
    Industrial Revolution? Explain.

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Ch. 9 sec. 4
Copy questions, answer in Complete sentences,
use pen
Standard 10.3.6

• Define laissez faire
• According to the laissez faire economists, how
  would economies prosper?
• According to Adam Smith, what are the 3 laws of
  economics?
• What is capitalism?
• What was Thomas Malthus main argument in An
  Essay on the Principle of Population?
• Why did David Ricardo oppose government efforts
  to help poor workers?
• What is Utilitarianism?
• According to John Stuart Mill, how should the
  government help the poor?
• How did Robert Owen attempt to improve the lives
  of the workers?
• What is socialism?
• In the Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx describes
  the warring classes. Who are the warring classes?
• What is Communism?
• Which world leaders were inspired by the ideas of
  Marx?
• What did Marx predict would happen to
  industrialized nations?
• Why were the predictions of Marx incorrect?
• What are unions? Why would a worker choose to
  join a union?
• What is collective bargaining?