Bez nadpisu

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Food and nutrition Czech case
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Structure

• Nutrition policy goals
• Recommended nutrition and food doses
• Food consumption and food expenditures
• What do Czech people eat
• Food consumption factors
• Nutrition policy tools

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• Nutrition policy goals how to set them and
  should they be set at all ?

Should a democratic state at all influence
nutrition of its citizens? Yes, at least to a
certain extent, regarding quantity ??
undernutrition and the
level of hunger ?? optimum
level quality ? positive ? energy
? vitamins and minerals
? negative ? pollution
? labelling
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Undernutrition and the
hunger level

• FAO definition
• Undernutrition share of population which during
  the year does not in average consume sufficient
  amount of food to sustain body weight and to
  secure at least light activities

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Food deficit in the world ( of
inhabitants with the given food deficit )
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To be able to imagine the differences, let us
look at what consumes (or can spend on food) one
family in different parts of the world per
week.. www.geographyalltheway.com/ib_geography/
ib_
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Equador 31.55
Chad 685 CFA Francs or 1.23 
USA 341.98
Germany 375.39 Euros or 500.07
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Poland 582.48 Zlotys or 151.27
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Recommended doses

• Every country sets its own recommended daily
  doses of the intake of
• ? energy
• ? basic nutrients
• ? basic food groups
• These recommended doses are differentiated
  according to
• gender
• age
• social groups

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Lets look at the Czech example

• The document Concept of the Czech
  agrar policy for the pre/accession period
  includes also the following chapters
• securing of food safety
• support of healthy nutrition of the population
• securing of the production and distribution of
  healthy foodstuffs
• A part of the document are also recommended food
  doses elaborated by the Center of Food Chain
  Hygiene in Brno.

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• These were modelled in
  variants according to the international pyramid
  construction principles
• Model B is regarded as the most suitable one ,
  since it is the nearest to the present daily
  energy intake of approx. 9500 kJ , but this is
  relatively too high, according to nutrition
  experts

• model A 6 500 kJ (1560 kcal) per capita/day
• model B 9 200 kJ (2200 kcal) per capita/day
• model C 12 500 kJ (3000 kcal) per capita/day

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The present problem of Czech population is rather
dual

• the share of obese population is growing in all
  age categories ( Czechs are the second most obese
  people in Europe after Greeks )
• but also that of people suffering or near to
  anorexia is increasing, namely regarding women

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Obesity

• is commonly assessed by calculating a persons
  body mass index (BMI) level.

A BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 is defined as
overweight, and a BMI of 30 kg/m2 and above as
obese.
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Pyramid principle of nutrition doses
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The nutrition doses are then reflected in the
daily doses of the main nutrients and food
groups. For example (in g)
Variant Cereals Vegetables Fruit Milk
Proteins


A
300 300 200 512
80 B 450 400
300 640 160 C 600
500 400 768 240
These are the average daily doses, taking into
account the gender, age and social groups, we get
in total 32 x 3,
i.e. 96 variants
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Thus, the basic nutrition goals are
set. For choosing the policy tools and their
application we need also to know the reality,
that is the actual food consumption of the
population.

• How do we find out that ?
• There exist 3 main methods,
• which are usually combined
• balance of resources and use
• the household accounts statistics
• selected research surveys

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Plant production
Animal production
Fishery
Food production
Initial stocks
Import
Total food supply
Export
Loses
Food consumption
Non-food use
Final stocks
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Do you know, what is the household accounts
statistics ?

• In the CR, it is used already since the
  pre-war period and the comparable time series
  exist for the period from 1956.
• The present sample includes
• 2, 895 households
• ( the sample is statistically representative for
  the CR and is further supplemented by a special
  samples of families with children and low income
  households ) .
• Households are further structured by
• social groups
• net income level ( in quintils)

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Sample structure in 2006
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In the form of a monthly diary, there are
followed ( for the period of 1 year )

• ? total incomes monetary and in
  kind
• ? total expenditures
• ? food expenditures
• ? food consumption, in that
• purchased
• of own production
• free food
• gifts accepted and given
• consumption of in-kind income
• food at home/outside home

• ? From these data,
• per capita food consumption is derived.

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Both methods are combined and
supplemented by selected choice research,
because

• balance method supplies a more complex data,
  but does not take into account
• purchases and consumption of foreigners
• ( tourists and other ) in the CR
• purchases and consumption of Czech people abroad
• full scope of self-supply
• household statistics includes the above, but
• does not represent the whole population
• the household sample is changing
• there is the danger of subjective errors

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Food consumption development in the CR (kg per
capita/year, CSO data)
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Food consumption development in the CR (kg per
capita/year, CSO data)
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Food consumption development in the CR (kg per
capita/year, CSO data)
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Structure of expenditures changes in time
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Struktura výdaju se vyvíjí v case
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Structure of expenditures differs also according
to social groups
Employees
Farmers
Self-employed
Pensioners
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Model France
Model Bangladesh
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What influences food consumption ?

• Main factors
• food accessibility
• in the market
• from self-supply
• prices
• income

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Every government utilizes tools influencing there
factors because of sustaining of
SOCIAL STABILITY
This is the well-known principle of Roman
emperors
Panem et circenses

Bread and games
Do you understand it ?
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What other factors influence food consumption?

• social statute
• farmers
• workers/blue collars
• white collars
• businessmen
• pensioners
• education
• formal
• informal

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Habits,traditions

• ? national traditions
• religious rules
• family habits and traditions
• personal habits and tastes

Seder plate
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For example Czech traditional kitchen was
originally formed for other types of people in
quite different life situation....
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This was not, however, very typical
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What was really eaten, vere different mashes and
porridges, breads and vegetables
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The most famous cookbook writer in Bohemia was
Magdalena Dobromila Rettigová 31.1. 1786 - 5.4.
1845
She is often represented as a symbol of unhealthy
traditional Czech cooking.
Put in a dozen of eggs .
Is it really true?
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And are our eating habits changing in time ?
Yes and no.
A recent research has shown, that we really
prefer more vegetables and fruit, that we eat
more poultry than we used to, but...

• ... our favorite meals still are
• roast beef in sour cream sauce with dumplings
• roast pork with cabbage and dumplings
• fried Wienese pork steak

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Typical Czech Christmas menu(on December 24)
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We are very fond of sweetsand cakes
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and traditionally also of canapés and
mini-canapés(even if the younger generation
prefers hamburgers)
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And if you ask in a Prague restaurant for
typical Czech meal
roasted pork knee
roasted duck
goulash
svickova
buchty
utopenci (drowned sausage
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As a matter of fact, I have never cooked most of
that
Our last Sunday menu was chicken and vegetable
tajine, green salad and strawberry tiramisu a
not very typical Czech meal
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And what is new in our nutrition?

• ?? globalisation
• ? fast food
• ? pizza
• ? Chinese food

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And what is new in our nutrition?

• ?? aggresive food advertisements
• namely aimed at children and youth
• ?? the violet cowcase
• ??

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9 years, 3rd class
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On the other hand

• we also have much better access to the quality
  food, including organic food

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Our annual visit at the Hare Krishna organic farm
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BIO-PRODUCTS

• It is connected to education, but also a matter
  of fashion and advertisements.
• Their consumption can be connected to a certain
  philosophy or religion ( i.e. Hare Krishna etc.)
• Why is the percentage of the sale and consumption
  of the healthy food products still relatively
  low ?

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Bio-food products logo
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Sale of bio-products in the CR

• 1) direct sale stalls, own shops, sale from
  the courtyard
• 2) specialised shops (Country Life etc.)
• 3) Healthy Food Corners
• in supermarkets
• etc.

Where do you buy the products if at all ?
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Quality mark for Czech agricultural and food
products

• Awarded by the MoA CR since August 2003
• Up to present, 331 products of
• 65 producers
• Set percentage of Czech origin raw materials

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Tools of food and nutrition policy

• indirect tools
• information and education
• advertisements
• (usually not done by the state)
• social payments supporting low incomes

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Tools of food and nutrition policy

• direct tools
• nutrition norms in state directed or influenced
  institutions kindergartens, nursery schools,
  schools, hospital, social
  institutions, army,
  prisons...
• food vouchers
• school milk, Happy Snacks
• ....

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The program School Milkwas subsidised in the
years 1999-2008
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From 2008, it was exchanged for the Happy Snacks
program
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Food vouchers

• they are distributed as a part of social
  support, e.g. unemployment support, distributed
  in this way instead of money to prevent the abuse
  of these social support payments

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And of course, important is the
overall agrarian policy, because only healthy
animals and plants can supply the production of
healthy food