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Chapter 4: Revolution

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Chapter 4: Revolution. Colonies Fight for Their Rights. Why the Colonies Grow ... Admiralty Courts courts. outside of colonies used to. try defiant colonists ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 4: Revolution


1
Chapter 4 Revolution
  • Colonies Fight for Their Rights

2
Why the Colonies Grow Discontented
  • 1. Proclamation of 1763
  • 2. George Grenville prime
  • minister and 1st Lord of
  • Treasury
  • Customs Duties taxes
  • on imports and exports
  • Admiralty Courts courts
  • outside of colonies used to
  • try defiant colonists
  • 3. Regulatory Acts- Acts
  • imposed by the British to
  • keep the colonies in check
  • Regulatory Acts
  • - Sugar Act no taxation w/o
  • representation James Otis
  • - Currency Act banned paper
  • - Stamp Act required stamps
  • to be placed on printed
  • material
  • - Quartering Act
  • - Declaratory Act
  • - Townshend Acts
  • - Tea Act

3
Questions to Ponder
  • 1. Why did the British begin to impose so many
    taxes on the colonies?
  • 2. How was the Stamp Act different from
  • other taxes imposed by the British?

4
How the Colonists Respond
  • Sons of Liberty Protest group formed by Isaac
    Sears aimed at defending American Liberties (Sam
    Adams)
  • Declaration of Rights and Grievances argued
    that only the colonists political
    representatives had the right to tax colonists
    petitioned to the king (Virginia Resolves)
  • Nonimportation Agreement Boycott of British
    Goods

5
Response continued
  • Daughters of Liberty women protest group who
    began weaving own cloth
  • Boston Massacre
  • - March 5, 1770- Group of British soldiers under
    the command of Thomas Preston open fire on crowd
    of protesters killing 5 and wounding 6 (Crispus
    Attucks)

6
Success of Colonial Protests
  • Stamp Act repealed in 1766 due to
  • nonimportation agreements
  • 2. Townshend Acts repealed except tax on
  • tea uphold right to tax colonies after
    Boston Massacre

7
Question to Ponder
  • Why do you think the British were so willing to
    pass new taxes in the face of colonial opposition?

8
The Revolution Begins
  • British Policies Ignite the flames
  • - Custom ships ordered to patrol North
  • American waters
  • Gaspee Affair June 1772
  • Committees of Correspondence Colonial
    communication network that helped unify and shape
    public opinion in the colonies
  • Revolution was in the minds of the people, the
    war was just an effect John Adams

9
A Tea Party in the Boston Harbor
  • December 16, 1773
  • Colonists dump 342 chests of tea into Boston
    Harbor
  • Why?
  • Lord North
  • British East India Company
  • Tea Act 1773

10
Question to Ponder
  • How did the British government respond to the
    Boston Tea Party?

11
King George III Responds
  • Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)
  • Closed Boston Harbor
  • Governor Appointments/Town meeting banned
  • Governor allowed to transfer trials of British
    soldiers and officials
  • New Quartering Act
  • Quebec Act

12
Colonists Respond
  • First Continental Congress
  • Sept. 5, 1774
  • Declaration of Rights and Grievances
  • Nonimportation Association
  • May 1775 second congress

13
Which Side is Which?
  • British
  • Loyalist An American who supported Britain
    during the Revolution
  • Tories another name for Loyalists
  • Lobsterbacks Nickname given to British soldiers
    because of their red coats
  • Redcoats Another name for a British soldier
  • Hessians German mercenaries hired by the
    British to fight during the Revolution
  • American Colonists
  • Minutemen colonial
  • militia ready at a minutes
  • notice
  • Patriots Americans who
  • wanted a complete break
  • from England
  • Continentals
  • Professional soldiers of the
  • Continental Army
  • (American)

14
The First Shots Are Fired
  • Lexington and Concord April 19,1775
  • - first battle of the Revolutionary War
  • - Famous midnight ride by Paul Revere
  • and William Dawes
  • - General Gage and British engage 70
  • Minutemen on commons of Lexington
  • Shot heard round the world
  • - March to Concord and ambushed by thousands
  • of Minutemen retreat to Boston

15
Second Continental Congress
  • June 15, 1775 Adopt colonial militia outside of
    Boston as Continental Army
  • George Washington General of Continental Army

16
Battle of Bunker Hill (Breeds Hill)
  • June 16, 1775 Colonial militia entrenched on
    Breeds Hill
  • Militia withstands two frontal assaults by
    British forces
  • 3rd attempt Americans run out of ammunition
  • Over 1000 British casualties
  • General Gage replaced by William Howe
  • British retreat by sea and reinforcements arrive

17
Question to Ponder
  • Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill so important to
    the Americans?

18
Efforts At Peace
  • Olive Branch Petition July 1775 petition
    written to King George III declaring loyalty and
    asking him stop hostilities to negotiate a peace
    agreement
  • - Americans attack Quebec
  • - King George III calls for Proclamation for
  • Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition

19
Colonists Call for Independence
  • Common Sense January 1776 pamphlet written by
    Thomas Paine attacking King George III and
    calling on colonists to declare their
    independence

20
Independence continued.
  • Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776
  • - drafted by Thomas Jefferson
  • - Influenced by John Locke Enlightenment
    philosopher who said humans are born with three
    natural right life, liberty, and property (Two
    Treatises on Government)
  • - Abigail Adams urged husband John Adams
  • to write into Declaration something on
    womens
  • rights

21
3 Parts of the Declaration of Independence
  • Says why 13 colonies are breaking from England
  • Tells what England has done wrong
  • Says all connections with England have been cut
  • Fails to mention women and African
  • American rights

22
Question to Ponder
  • Why do you think the authors of the Declaration
    of Independence failed to mention women and
    African American Rights?

23
Advantages and Disadvantages-United States did
not have to defeat Britain- it simply had to
survive until Britain could not pay for the war
  • Colonial Advantages
  • Home turf
  • Leadership
  • Cause of fight
  • French Allies
  • Disadvantages
  • Untrained, small army
  • Food ammunition shortages
  • Weak divided government (no power to tax)
  • Robert Morris
  • British Advantages
  • Well trained supplied army
  • Wealth of resources
  • Strong central government
  • Disadvantages
  • Fight in unfamiliar, hostile land
  • Fighting away from resources
  • Troops indifferent support in Britain split

24
Englands Plan- General Howe
  • Military
  • - Massive build up in
  • New York
  • a. Intimidate
  • b. Split colonies in
  • half
  • 2. Diplomatic
  • - Promised pardons to
  • all Patriots who put
  • down their arms and
  • swore loyalty to the
  • king

25
Question to ponder
  • How did the members of the Continental Congress
    respond to General Howes promise of pardoning
    Patriots who swore loyalty to the king? Why?

26
Washington Tries to Defend New York
  • American morale would be doomed if NY fell
    without a fight
  • 1. Summer 1776 Washington loses Long
  • Island
  • 2. Washington abandons NYC and moves
  • to north end of Manhattan Island
  • 3. British Capture NYC
  • Nathan Hale I regret that I have but one
  • life to lose for
    my country.
  • 4. Washington moves to White Plains

27
Battle of Trenton- December 26, 1776
  • Washington crosses the icy Delaware River and
    captures or kills some 1,000 Hessian forces in
    town of Trenton
  • 1. Boosts American Morale
  • 2. Saves the Continental Army
  • Several days later Washington defeats British at
    Princeton

28
Question to Ponder
  • Why is the Battle of Trenton considered to be the
    turning point in American History?

29
General Burgoynes Three Pronged Attack
  • Burgoynes army march south from Montreal
  • St. Legers army move up St. Lawrence River to
    Lake Ontario and then head east to NY
  • Howes troops march from NYC and three forces
    meet near Albany and move east to New England

30
Plan Fails Seals the fate of the British
  • Howe moves troops to Maryland to attack
    Philadelphia
  • - Capture Continental Congress and
  • Continental Army
  • - Sept. 11, 1777 Howe defeats
  • Washington at Brandywine Creek
  • captures Philadelphia
  • - Congress and Continentals escape to Valley
  • Forge

31
Valley Forge
  • Washingtons winter camp of 1777-78
  • - loses 2,500 men due to cold and
  • starvation
  • Marquis de Lafayette France
  • Baron Friedrich von Steuben Prussia
  • - Help discipline and train Washington troops

32
The Turning Point- SaratogaOctober 17, 1777
  • Burgoyne unaware of Howes Plans
  • Burgoyne stopped in upper NY by General Horatio
    Gates
  • General Benedict Arnold defeats British and
    Iroquois allies in the east
  • 1. Boosted American morale
  • 2. Convinced France to send troops

33
Two Treaties
  • February 6, 1778 France recognizes the United
    States as an independent nation
  • June 1778 France declares war on Britain
  • 1779 Spain enters the war on the side of France

34
Question to Ponder
  • Why do you think Spain entered the war on the
    side of France and not on the side of the United
    States?

35
The War Elsewhere
  • In the West
  • - George Rogers Clark helps Patriots
  • control Ohio River region
  • 2. The War at Sea
  • - John Paul Jones helps neutralize
  • British Navy I have not yet begun to
  • fight.
  • 3. In the South
  • - Britain captures Savannah, GA in 1778
  • Charles Town in 1780
  • - General Cornwallis Commands British forces
    in the South
  • - Battle of Kings Mountain Turning point in
    the south
  • southern farmers begin forming militias

36
The Final Battle Yorktown-Sept. 28-Oct. 19, 1781
  • Spring 1781 Cornwallis invades Virginia to open
    up supply line to the south
  • French commander Rochambeau and Washington
    converge on Yorktown by land
  • Admiral de Grasse converge on Yorktown by sea
    surrounding Cornwallis
  • Cornwallis surrenders on Oct. 19, 1781

37
Treaty of Paris 1783-Sept. 3, 1783
  • Britain acknowledged American Independence
  • Mississippi River became western boundary
  • British recognized American fishing rights off
    the coast of New Foundland
  • British creditors could collect debts from
    citizens
  • Britain gave Florida and Louisiana to Spain
  • France received colonies in Africa and the
    Caribbean
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