Unit 2 The French Revolution Chapter 7

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Unit 2 The French RevolutionChapter 7

• 1789-1815
• Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

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Nationalism

• The belief that people should be loyal mainly to
  their nation-that is to people who share a
  culture and history- rather than to a king or
  empire

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Europe 1750-1789
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Causes of the French Revolution
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Revolution and France

• Old Regime existing system of Feudalism under a
  King and Queen
• People divided into three estates, or social
  classes
• First Estate
• Second Estate
• Third Estate

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First Estate

• Clergy of Roman Catholic Church
• Anti-Enlightenment
• Owned 10 of land
• 2 of income to taxes

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Second Estate

• Rich nobles held high offices in govt
• Anti-Enlightenment
• Owned 30 of land
• Paid almost no taxes

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Third Estate

• Consisted of three groups
• Bourgeoisie
• Workers
• Peasants
• 98 of population
• 80 of French are peasants

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Third Estate

• Peasants paid most of their income in
• taxes (like soap, salt bread)
• dues to nobles
• tithes to the church
• Growing resentment towards 1st and 2nd Estates
• Pro-Enlightenment ideas

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Weak Government

• King Louis XVI inherits debt
• Borrowed to help American colonies defeat the
  British
• Crop failures and bread shortages
• Marie Antoinette (Queen) overspending and
  uncaring

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Estates General

• France faced bankruptcy - Louis XVI called an
  Estates General - assembly of representatives
  from all three estates to air grievances a
  cahier
• Met on May 5, 1789 at Versailles
• Unfair voting practices led to more anger

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Question of the Day

• What are some Injustices students face at
  Central Bucks South?
• What can be done to address these problems?
• Create a CBS Cahier

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Tennis Court Oath

• June 17, 1789 Third Estate establishes the
  National Assembly proclaiming the end of monarchy
  and the start of representative government
• Tennis Court Oath indoor tennis court where
  delegates would stay until they made a new
  constitution
• The First Act of Real Revolution

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King Louis XVI Executed

• Political clubs The Jacobins wanted to remove
  the King permanently
• Louis tried for treason and found guilty
• Guillotined January 21, 1793

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The Terror

• Maximilien Robespierre becomes dictator
• Closes churches, changes calendar
• (no Sundays, new dates)
• Republic of Virtue
• Reign of Terror

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End of Robespierre

• National Convention leaders knew they were not
  safe from Robes
• Executed on July 28, 1794
• Public opinion shifted to the Right
  (conservative)
• The Directory 1795

Death Mask of Robespierre
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French Governments 1789-1795

• 3. The Legislative Assembly
• Limited Constitutional Monarchy
• Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives
• 4. The National Convention
• King and Queen executed
• Robespierre becomes dictator
• The Terror!!!

• 1. The Old Regime
• King and Queen
• Three Estates
• Feudal System
• 2. The National Assembly
• Declaration of the Rights of Man
• Abolish Feudalism and make everyone equal

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French Revolution QUIZ

• 6. Who took the Tennis Court Oath?
• 7. What was the Bastille and what happened there?
• 8. What was the motto of the FR? How does the use
  of the Guillotine relate?
• 9. Name three ways Robespierre changed French
  life during the Reign of Terror.
• 10. What were the goals of the revolutionaries?
  Were these goals achieved?

1. What was the Old Regime?
2. What are THREE Enlightenment Ideas?
3. What groups belonged to each Estate?
4. Name THREE causes of the French Revolution.
5. Explain the voting practices at The Estates
   General.

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Question of the Day

• What are your feelings about Capital Punishment?
• i.e. The Death Penalty for Capital Crimes

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Quote of the Day
Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power
corrupts absolutely Lord Acton (1834-1902)
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Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte

• Napoleon Forges an Empire

Chapter 7 Sections 3 and 4
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Napoleon Bonaparte

• During the 1790s-
• Defeated peasant uprising
• Defeated Austria in battle protected France
• Changed the way war was fought
• By 1799 seen as national hero
• Beloved by his soldiers and the French people

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Coup dEtat

• Encouraged to assume political power by The
  Directory
• November 9, 1799 given full control of the
  military, govt immediately overthrown
• Becomes de facto Dictator The First Consul

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Internal France

• The 1800-1804 plebiscites gave NAP total power
• Taxation equality
• National banking system
• Set up lycees govt run schools
• Signed concordat with Pope Pius VII
• Restored relations with the Church

• Napoleonic Code
• Uniform set of Laws
• Louisiana Purchase (1803)
• 15 MIL goes straight to French military
• Emperor
• December 2, 1804
• Wants his empire to include all of Europe AND
  into the Western Hemisphere

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External Enemies

• NAP defeats European military powers
• Ignites French Nationalism
• Continues military campaign to rule Europe
• Spreading Enlightenment Ideas
• really is self-serving

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Napoleons Empire Collapses
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Napoleon Biography

• The Glory of France
• Video Analysis

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QoD

• What makes a person GREAT?
• Based on your definition of greatness, who in
  todays world could be considered great?
  Example and explain
• Think about all walks of lifepolitics,
  entertainment, sports, teaching, etc.
• THINK ABOUT
• Changing peoples lives, innovative ideas,
  leadership, empathy, caring, motivating, power,
  money, intelligent?

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The Downfall of Napoleon

• The Battle of Trafalgar
• The Continental System
• The Peninsular War
• The Invasion of Russia
• The 100 Days (his first exile)
• Waterloo

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Napoleons Defeat

• Fourth Coalition - Britain, Russia, Prussia, and
  Sweden
• October 1813 NAP defeated at Battle of Leipzig
• By January 1814 enemies marching towards Paris
• April 1814 NAP surrenders
• Exiled to island of Elba

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The 100 Days
Lord Wellington
Nosey

• Louis XVIII on throne unpopular brother
• NAP escapes from Elba and quickly re-establishes
  his military
• Louis XVIII flees
• June 1815 NAP defeated at Battle of Waterloo
• Exiled to St. Helena
• Dies 1821 - Cancer?

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Hitler Visiting Napoleons Tomb
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The Congress of ViennaCh. 7 Section 5

• European powers wanted to restore stability
• Austrian Prince Klemens von Metternich
• Three goals
• Containment
• Surround France with strong countries
• Balance of Power
• Strengthen all European nations
• Legitimacy
• Restore Europes royal families

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Congress of Vienna

• LONG TERM RESULTS
• Monarchies restored
• Increased power of Britain and Prussia (Germany)
• Increased nationalism thru Europe
• European colonies declared independent
• Seeds of Revolution throughout the world
• BUT peace on the continent for nearly 100 years!

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In-Class Writing AssignmentIn five paragraphs,
explain how this quote relates to either King
Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Robespierre, or
Napoleon Bonaparte. Use at least THREE specific
examples to support your response
Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power
corrupts absolutely Lord Acton (1834-1902)
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Battle of Trafalgar 1805

• French navy defeated by British fleet
• Horatio Nelson scores victory dies

• RESULTS
• Assured British naval supremacy
• NAP cant invade Britain
• Wants to defeat Britain even more

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The Continental System 1806

• Blockade of British imports and exports to weaken
  Englands economy
• Thanks to Trafalgar, British Navy too strong and
  blockade not tight enough
• RESULTS
• Weakened French economy
• Weakened European economy
• European nations hated NAP

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The Peninsular War 1808-1813

• Portugal not adhering to NAP
• NAP makes brother Joseph King of Spain
• NAP Sends troops through Spain, Spanish riot in
  protest
• Guerrilla Warfare and British send troops to aid
  rebels
• RESULTS
• Cant defeat guerrillas and British
• French Lose 300,000 troops
• Other countries have HOPE and increased
• NATIONALISM!!!

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Invasion of Russia 1812

• Czar Alexander retreats to Moscow
• Scorched-earth policy/slash burn
• Battle of Moscow Russians burn city
• October too late to advance too late to retreat
• RESULTS
• Fierce winter defeats French army NAP retreats
• NAP left France with 600,000 returns with 10,000
• Other powers able to defeat depleted army at
  Leipzig

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French Revolution Quiz 2

1. Declaration of the ______ of _______
2. Radicals, Moderates, __________
3. Newspaperman Jean-Paul _________ instigated
   violence
4. Maximillien_______ was a de facto dictator
5. Louis was tried for___________

• 6. Napoleon was born in _____.
• 7. Set of laws NAP established are the
  ______________ Code.
• 8. On December 2, 1804 NAP named himself ________
• 9. One of NAPs biggest mistakes was the 1812
  Invasion of_______.
• 10. NAPs final defeat was at the Battle of
  ______________.

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Song of the Day

• So ya say ya want a revolution?
• What is the message of the song?

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Question of the Day

• Have you ever done something (that you regretted
  later!), and the only reason you did it was
  because of WHO you were with at the time?

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QoD

• Is it always good to compromise?
• When is compromise is a good thing, and when is
  it a bad thing?
• Pet Peeve We agree to disagree!?!?! What does
  that even mean?

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Essential Question of the Day

• When is Revolution Justified?
• Use specific examples from your notes, videos,
  class discussion, and your project to fully
  answer the question
• Two paragraphs
• Terms to think about
• Nationalism
• Enlightenment Ideas
• Natural Rights
• Purpose of Government