The Cold War Continues

1
The Cold War Continues

• Battles in Faraway Places in the 1950s

2
The Evolution of the Cold War

• 1946 The Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe
• 1949 Chinese Revolution installed Communist
  government
• 1950 - 1953 Korean War
• Nuclear Arms Race
• 1945 US dropped atom bomb on Japan
• 1949 USSR developed atom bomb
• 1952 US developed hydrogen bomb
• 1954 USSR developed hydrogen bomb
• USSR (1957) and US (1959) developed
  intercontinental ballistic missiles to deliver
  bombs

3
The Spread of Cold War Conflict

• United States sponsored anti Soviet alliances
• SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) - 1954
• Baghdad Pact (CENTO) 1955
• OAS Organization of American States, ca 1950
• Conflicts spread from Europe and East Asia to
• Latin America
• Middle East
• Southeast Asia

4
Cold War, 1959
5
Current States with Nuclear Weapons
6
Nuclear States United States, Russia

• Britain 1952
• France 1960
• China - 1964
• India 1974
• Pakistan - 1998
• Israel?
• North Korea?
• Iran ?

Countries signing Non Proliferation Treaty in Red
7
Europe

• Hungarian Uprising 1956
• US provided moral support but does not intervene
  militarily
• Continued tension over the status of Berlin

8
Southeast Asia
9
The Beginnings of the Vietnam Conflict

• Indochina had been a French colony occupied by
  the Japanese during WWII
• French returned in 1946 and nationalists renewed
  independence movement.
• 1954 French defeated at Dien Bien Phu and
  country partitioned at 17th parallel between pro
  Communist and anti Communist governments
• Elections for unified Vietnam were scheduled for
  1956 and cancelled by South Vietnamese govt.

10
Vietnam
11
Vietnam in 1954
12
Vietnam
13
Middle East
14
Post World War II Middle East

• State of Israel created from portions of
  Palestine by UN in 1948
• US, USSR, and European powers recognize the state
  of Israel
• Surrounding Arab states did not recognize Israel
  and declared war. 1948-1949

15
British Mandate, Palestine, 1920
16
Palestine and Transjordan, 1923
17
UN Partition of Palestine, 1947
18
Israel, West Bank, Gaza, 1949
19
Suez Crisis, 1956
20
Palestine, 1947
21
Jewish and Arab Population, 1946
22
Israel, Gaza, West Bank, 1949
23
Spying and Counterinsurgency

• U2 Spy Plane shot down over USSR, Gary Powers
  captured 1960but unknown to American people
• Guatemala 1954
• CIA sponsored a coup to overthrow Jacobo Arbenz
  Guzman who had challenged the power of the United
  Fruit Company (Chiquita Bananas)
• Iran 1954
• CIA sponsored a coup to overthrew Mohammed
  Mossadegh. The Shah of Iran took power and
  granted favorable trading relations with American
  oil companies.

24
Cold War and Science

• Space Race
• Soviets launched Sputnik satellite in 1957
• United States launched satellite in 1958
• United States created National Aeronautics and
  Space Administration (NASA) - 1958
• United States passed National Defense Education
  Act - 1958

25
The Militarization of American Society

• Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known
  as the National Interstate and Defense Highways
  Act
• Eisenhower promoted the bill for national
  defense, e.g., to protect the country in the
  event of invasion, and to carry troops.

26
Cold War, 1959