Texas in The Civil War

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Texas in The Civil War

• Chapter 15

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Sam Houston opposed Secession

• People who were in favor of secession wanted a
  convention

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Secession

• Withdrawal

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The Texas Secession Convention

• met in Austin on
• January 28, 1861 this was a Special Session
  the Texas Legislature met and decided that they
  supported the Secession Convention

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The Ordinance of Secession

• (Ordinance means
• Local Law)
• Declared the U.S. had abused its power that
  Texas was absolved from allegiance to the U.S.

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The Union the United States/ the Northern
states that did not secede

• The Confederacy the Southern states that broke
  away from the North/ the rest of the United States

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February 23, 1861

• Texas seceded from the Union

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The Election of Abraham Lincoln caused the
Southern States to secede or break away from the
rest of the United States they felt that
Lincoln would take away their slaves and alter
their Southern way-of-living
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Lincoln never accepted or acknowledged that the
South had broken away he felt like the Union of
the United States (as a whole) was perpetual
(continuing forever) and was sovereign or supreme
in its power
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A new Confederate state Constitution was written
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Sam Houston refused to sign/take an Oath of
Allegiance to the new government

• He was removed from the office of Governor his
  office was declared vacant

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Allegiance means Loyalty

• Houston refused to declare his loyalty to the
  newly proposed
• Confederate States of America
• (C.S.A.)

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Lieutenant Gov. Edward Clark

• Replaced
• Sam Houston as Governor

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Many Texans joined the War
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The Conscription Act of April 16,1862

• Drafted men into military service Men b/t
  ages18-35,
• later b/t ages 17-50

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Conscription is forced enrollment into military
service (draft)
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Before the Civil War, ¼ of Texans were against
secession

• But when fighting broke out, most people
  supported the Confederacy

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The Southern States felt like the
Federal/National Government should not have too
much power over individual states this is the
belief in States Rights they felt that each
state should have a lot of power more than the
Union, as a whole.
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The South wanting States Rights was the main
(overall) cause of the Civil War the South felt
threatened and wanted their own freedom and
voice Slavery was not the main reason for the
Civil War, only a part of the Big Picture it
was one of a few reasons
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Some Causes of the Civil War

• States Rights
• Tariffs the South felt that the U.S. Import
  Taxes favored benefited the North
• Slavery
• A different lifestyle and culture
• The North was industrial and advanced, the South
  was agricultural and had a slower-paced lifestyle

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More than 60,000 Texas troops joined the
Confederacy
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Jefferson Davis
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Albert Sidney Johnston

• Commanded the Army of the Republic of Texas
• Second-highest ranking general in the Confederate
  Army
• Also commanded Confederate troops in Tennessee
• Killed at the
• Battle of Shiloh in TN

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2,000 Texas Unionists joined the Union Army

• Unionists supported the Union cause and army (the
  North)
• They were a minority in Texas

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Many German Americans living in Central Texas did
not want to fight for the South/Confederacy
they were Unionists (they were against the idea
of Slavery)
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Some Unionists fled, only to be killed or
captured

• Some were arrested and some were conscripted
  (drafted)

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Vigilantes went after the Unionists living in
Texas

• A vigilante is a member of a group that acts as
  an unauthorized police force

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Early on in 1861,

• Confederate volunteers captured a federal fort
  (Union/U.S.) in San Antonio the Confederates
  wanted supplies and equipment other U.S. forts
  in the west were captured by the Confederates

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Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor in South
Carolina was taken over on April 12, 1861
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Fort Sumter (then)
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Fort Sumter (now)
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New Mexico Campaign

• Texans attacked U.S. forces in New Mexico
• Review what did Confederate forces attempt
  to control out West?
• A preventative strike
• A preventative strike is an action to prevent
  future attacks
• Captured the capital of NM - ?
• Brigadier General Henry Sibley
• Union forces later recaptured New Mexico

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Galveston

• The Union blockaded Texas ports
• What is a blockade?
• A blockade prevents goods and supplies from
  entering or leaving by water
• Union forces had captured Galveston in 1862
• Why was Galveston important in Texas ?
• General John B. Magruder wanted to re-take the
  city

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The Battle of Galveston

• January 1, 1863
• The ships Bayou City and the Neptune attacked
• These boats were refitted river steamers
• Success for the Confederacy

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Why was Texas an important link in the
Confederate chain of supplies?
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Texas was a vital link in the Confederate chain
of supplies because its cotton was exchanged for
supplies from Europe
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What were Blockade Runners in the Civil War?
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Blockade Runners

• Small light-weight ships that penetrated the
  Union blockade and brought much needed supplies
  and news to Confederate ports

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Sabine Pass

• Union forces tried again to invade Texas later in
  1863
• Union Major General William B. Franklin with
  4,000 soldiers and 4 gunboats planned on landing
  near Sabine Pass and capturing Houston Beaumont

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What happened to the Union Gunboats as they tried
to sail through Sabine Pass and make landfall?
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Sabine Pass Contd

• Fort Griffen
• Richard Dowling commanded the Davis Guards
• Fired on the gunboats
• Defeated Franklin
• Victory for the Confederacy

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The Battle of Sabine Pass was an important
victory for the Confederacy because it ended
Union plans to launch a campaign against Texas
(the North/Union had planned to march overland
from the Sabine River to capture Beaumont and
Houston)
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Brownsville

• To stop the flow of Texas cotton into Mexico (and
  then to Europe), Union forces wished to capture
  the supply center in Brownsville (1863)
• Colonel John S. Ford re-captured Brownsville
  (1864)

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Fighting East of the Mississippi River

• Hoods Texas Brigade
• Terrys Texas Rangers
• Brave
• Courageous
• How do you know that is a Texas Flag?

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Appomattox Courthouse

• What happened
• here?
• April 9, 1865
• General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General
  Ulysses S. Grant

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Palmito Ranch

• Last battle of the Civil War down in South
  Texas the Rio Grande Valley
• May 13, 1865
• John S. Ford defeated a Union force
• Texas troops had not yet heard that the war was
  over
• How could this happen?

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The North won the Civil War Texas and the
Confederacy lost

• 1865
• The Nation had to rebuild
• Over 600,000 soldiers died

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Why are Civil Wars particularly devastating to a
country?
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Toll of a Civil War

• Death on both sides
• Physical destruction of the land, towns, and
  infrastructure
• Bitterness, misunderstanding, and resentment from
  both factions
• Through death, absence of a vital
• Work Force
• Does one side truly win without paying some
  price ?

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Have other countries been involved in Civil Wars?

• Former Yugoslavia, Russia, Sudan, Nicaragua,
  China, Spain, England, El Salvador, France

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Abraham Lincoln
• 1863
• The Thirteenth Amendment abolished Slavery
• it was ratified in late 1865

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Lincolns Assassination

• April 14th, 1865
• John Wilkes Booth
• Fords Theater in Washington D.C.

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After the Confederate surrender,

• The Texas Government collapsed
• Andrew Jackson Hamilton was eventually appointed
  as provisional governor

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Confederate Money