The American Civil War

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The American Civil War Beginnings
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Presidential election of 1860

• In 1860, Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln ran
  against each other again, this time for
  president.
• Lincoln had become well known from their debates
  about slavery.
• This time, Lincoln won, becoming the 16th
  president.

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Southern States secede

• Lincoln received no support in the South, because
  they believed Lincoln wanted to end slavery.
  Since there were so many more people in the
  North, he won the election anyway.
• As soon as Lincoln won the election, the South
  started to secede. This means the South split
  from the Union. They no longer wanted to be part
  of the United States.
• Supporters of secession based their arguments on
  the idea of states rights. They had voluntarily
  joined the union, so they could leave when they
  wanted.

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Confederate States of America

• On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the
  first state to secede. They were followed by
  Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,
  Louisiana, and Texas.
• The eleven states that had seceded formed the
  Confederate States of America.
• They named Jefferson Davis as president.
• They wrote a new Constitution which made slavery
  legal.

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Civil War

• A civil war is a war between people of the same
  country.
• There have been many civil wars, but one of the
  worst happened in America.
• The American Civil War was fought to keep the
  South from leaving the Union.
• Slavery was the major issue that separated the
  North from the South.

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The Civil War began at Fort Sumter.
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• Fort Sumter was in the South, and the Union has a
  hard time defending the fort.
• There were 23 states in the Union (North) at the
  beginning of the war.
• There were 11 states in the Confederacy (South)
  at the beginning of the war.

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Norths Advantages

• The North had some major advantages. They had
  many more people and also had many more
  factories, which could be used to make weapons.
• The Union also had many more miles of railroad
  tracks.

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Souths Advantages

• The Souths main advantage was that they were
  fighting at home.
• This would mean that they would be closer to
  their supplies.
• They also would fight harder because they were
  protecting their homes.

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Abraham Lincoln

• The president of the Union was Abraham Lincoln,
  who had been elected in 1860.

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Jefferson Davis

• The president of the new Confederate States of
  America or the Confederacy was Jefferson Davis.

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Battle of Bull Run

• One of the first battles of the war was the
  Battle of Bull Run.
• The North realized after this battle that the war
  would not be easy and would not be over soon.

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New Weapons

• Many new weapons were used during the Civil War.
• One of these weapons was an ironclad ship. An
  ironclad ship was a ship with iron plates on it
  to protect it from cannon fire.

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Other new weapons

• Deadlier cannons and bullets
• More accurate rifles

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Battle of Antietam

• The first time the Confederacy invaded Northern
  territory was the Battle of Antietam.
• It was also the bloodiest battle day in United
  States history. 23,000 men lost their lives that
  day.
• The Union army stopped the Confederate army. This
  victory by the Union gave President Lincoln the
  chance to announce the abolition of slavery in
  the South.

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Emancipation Proclamation

• The Emancipation Proclamation declared that all
  slaves should be set free in the Confederacy.
• It also allowed blacks to serve in the Union army
  and navy.
• The South ignored the Emancipation Proclamation,
  but it did change to focus of the war to the
  issue of slavery.

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Women in the Civil War

• Women on both sides worked during the war. Many
  became nurses. The most famous nurse from the
  Union was Clara Barton.
• She also helped organize the American Red Cross.

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Battle of Gettysburg

• The Battle of Gettysburg was one of the bloodiest
  battles of the war.
• 90,000 Union soldiers fought 75,000 Confederate
  soldiers.
• More than 50,000 men were killed or wounded in
  the battle.

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• The Union won the Battle of Gettysburg.
• Many Northerners started supporting the army
  after this by lending them money to help pay for
  the war.
• This was called a war bond.

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Gettysburg Address

• After the Battle of Gettysburg, President Lincoln
  went to the battlefield to dedicate a cemetery in
  honor of all those who had died.
• Lincoln spoke for two minutes, but his speech
  became very famous.
• It is called the Gettysburg Address.

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