THE CIVIL WAR

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THE CIVIL WAR

• Unit 7

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War breaks out
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Lincolns Inauguration

• March 4th, 1861
• 7 states have already seceded
• Lincoln acknowledges the divideapprehension
  seems to exist among the southern
  statesphysically speaking, we cannot separate

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Fort Sumtner

• When April 12, 1861-April 13, 1861
• Where Charleston Harbor, South Carolina
• Key Points
• Maj. Anderson requests reinforcements
• Lincoln sends food not reinforcementswhy?
• South bombs the fort for 36 hours straight
• Anderson surrenders
• Effects?

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Preparing for war
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Who has the overall advantage?

• North

• South

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Battle Plans

• South

• North

• Naval blockade of Southern ports
• Control the Mississippi River and split
  Confederacy in two
• Capture Richmond, the Confederate Capital
• The Anaconda Plan

• Fight a defensive war
• Secure recognition and support from Europe
• Negotiate an armistice
• Whos got the better plan?

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Division or Unification? in the North

• Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky remain
  with the Union
• Riots occur in many of these areas
• Example Baltimore riots of April 1861
• September 1861 Lincoln suspends right of Habeas
  Corpus
• How will the divisions impact the North?

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in the South

• April-May 1861 Arkansas, North Carolina,
  Tennessee, and Virginia join confederacy
• Western counties of Virginia remain with the
  Unionform West Virginia in 1863
• How will this impact the South?

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Conscription

• North
• All men 20-45
• 300 exempts you from the draft
• 92 of men volunteered
• Whos got the advantage?

• South
• All men 18-35
• Exemptions for slaveholders with 20 slaves or
  more
• 80 of eligible men served

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Leadership
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Who has the overall advantage?

• North

• South

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The Politics of War
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Trent episode (1861)

• Confederates send two diplomats to Britain to
  seek recognition and aid
• Union captures the diplomats and Britain
  threatens to go to war
• U.S. releases the diplomats back to the south
• South does not receive recognition

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British aid

• 1862-1864
• British build ships for the Confederacy
• Sink 250 union ships

Why did the British help the south?
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The Emancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863

• Causes? Effects?
• Emancipates only those slaves in states still in
  rebellion, NOT IN THE BORDER STATES!!!

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Economics of war

• North
• Increased demand for goods
• increased industry
• booming economy
• 1863
• Fed govt issues income tax

• South
• Slaves resisted work
• shortage of money and supplies
• Lack of food
• rising prices riots
• Union blockade
• No trade with Europe
• No system to collect taxes

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Who has the advantage?

• North

• South

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The Battles
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Keep a record of the following information
Battle Month/Year Winner Main point












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1st Battle of Bull Run (1st Battle of Manassas)
(July 1861)

• Pressure to engage South leads to Bull Run
• Union outnumbers South, but Stonewall Jackson
  holds and South wins
• Lincoln removes McDowell and appoints George
  McClellan commander
• What does this tell you about Lincoln?
• What does this tell you about the Confederacy?

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Grant moves west

• Feb 1862 Gen Ulysses S. Grant conquers forts
  along western rivers
• Significance?

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Lessons of Shiloh

• March 1862
• Grants army is brutally attacked at Shiloh,
  Mississippi
• Grant responded with 100 invasion of troops
• Lessons?

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• April 1862 Admiral Farragut takes New Orleans
  and moves up Mississippi River

Significance?
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Loss at Richmond

• Spring 1862 McClellan moves onto Richmond
• McClellan is too cautious, arrogant, and slow to
  commit
• McClellan loses to Lees counter-attack in the
  Seven Days Battles
• McClellan is removed
• Lessons?

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2nd Battle of Bull Run (2nd Battle of
Manassas) (August 1862)

• Gen. Pope replaces McClellan as commander of Army
  of the Potomac
• Lee moves north toward Washington, DC
• Gen. Pope engages Lee and is crushed.
• Lee and Army of Northern Virginia move into MD,
  hoping to stir rebellion.

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Antietam, September 17th, 1862

• McClellan returns to command
• Lee swings north and crosses the Potomac
• Lees battle plans are discovered
• McClellan does not act on info for 18 hours!
• Confederates move back into VA and McClellan
  stays putno clear winner!
• Bloodiest day in U.S. history!!....26,000 dead
• November 1862 Lincoln removes McClellan

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Fredericksburg ChancellorsvilleDec. 1862 May
1863

• Burnside replaces McClellan after Antietam
• Burnside is defeated by Lee at Fredericksburg
• Hooker replaces Burnside
• Hooker is defeated by Lee at Chancellorsville
• Hooker is replaced by Meade
• Stonewall Jackson is shot, catches pneumonia, and
  dies on May 10th

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Discussion Question

• What is the staus of the war as of June 1863?

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Gettysburg

• July 1, 2, 3 1863
• Why did Lee want to invade the North?

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Battle of GettysburgJuly 1, 1863

• Confederate troops enter Gettysburg looking for
  supplies
• Confederate troops come in contact with Union
  troops
• Union forces hold the higher ground and wait for
  reinforcements
• Over 90,000 union troops and 75,000 confederate
  troops arrive by Day 2

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Battle of GettysburgJuly 2, 1863

• Lee orders Gen. Longstreet to try to capture
  Cemetery Ridge
• Heavy fighting occurs in the Peach Orchard,
  Devils Den, and the Wheatfield
• Rebel troops try to capture Little Round Top to
  position artillery on it
• Col Chamberlain and men of Maine hold hill by
  attacking South bayonet charge
• Lines hold Union wins the day

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Battle of GettysburgJuly 3, 1863

• Lee tries to break center of Union line at a
  point called the angle
• Lee concentrates artillery fire on Union lines on
  the ridge
• Gen. Picketts men charge Union lines, covering a
  mile of open ground and running up ridge
• Good Move?
• Union artillery and infantry fire destroy
  Picketts division. Every officer killed or
  wounded.

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Picketts Charge
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Battle of GettysburgJuly 3, 1863

• Stuarts cavalry is stalled by Union forces
• Lee withdraws
• Meade does not counter-attack
• Good move?

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Gettysburg AddressNovember 1863

• Lincoln speaks at a dedication of a cemetery for
  the war dead.
• Lincolns Gettysburg Address, not popular at
  time, becomes part of national identity.
• Focus of the speech?

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http//www.loc.gov/exhibits/gadd/images/platform.j
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http//www.loc.gov/exhibits/gadd/images/platform.j
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Vicksburg April-July 1863

• Key location along Mississippi River
• Overlooked the River
• Grants first attempts fail
• Solution?...siegeconstant bombing of military
  and civilian sites
• July 4thVicksburg Falls
• Union controls Mississippi River

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Total War!!

• 1864
• Lincoln replaces Meade with Grant as Union
  commander
• Grant appoints Sherman as commander of Union
  forces in Mississippi
• Strategy Constantly ATTACK Lees armyspare no
  soldier

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GrantBrilliant or Butcher?

• May-June 1864 Grant lost 65,000
  Lee 35,000
• Wilderness campaign (Grant lost
  50,000)
• Cold Harbor (Grant lost 7,000 in 1 hr)
• Impact?

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Shermans March to the sea

• Sept. 1864
• Sherman takes Atlanta
• Burns Atlanta then heads toward the coastburns
  everything in his path
• Moves to South Carolinaburns everything in his
  path
• Goal Crush souths will to fight

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Election of 1864

• McClellan runs on the Copperhead/Democratic
  ticket
• Lincoln Andrew Johnson (Southern Democrat) run
  on the Republican ticket
• Lincoln wins
• 55 of Popular vote
• 91 of electoral vote

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Surrender!!!!!!!!!!!!!

• April 1865 Davis abandons Richmond
• April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant
• Lincoln makes sure that Lee and his officers are
  treated with respectreason?
• May 1865 Jefferson Davis is captured in Georgia
• May 1865 All southern forces surrender
• War ends