DENGUE

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DENGUE DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
Awareness Campaign on
Presented By Corporate HSE Team
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Dengue Virus
Dengue is a mosquito born infection which in
recent year has become major international public
health concern. Dengue hemorrhagic fever
(DHF), a potentially lethal complication found
first time in 1950s in philipines and
Thailand. The spread of Dengue is rapid in
urban populations where household water storage
is common and where solid waste disposal services
are inadequate.
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Transmission of Dengue Fever
Dengue virus is transmitted to human through the
bites of infective female Aedes mosquitoes.
Mosquitoes generally acquire virus while
feeding on the blood on an infected person.
After virus incubation for 8-10 days, an
infected mosquito is capable , during probing and
blood feeding, of transmitting the virus, to
susceptible individuals for the rest of its life.

• Dengue transmitted by infected female mosquito
• Primarily a daytime feeder (appear during dawn
  Desk)
• Lives around human habitation
• Lays eggs and produces larvae preferentially in
  artificial containers

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Transmission Process
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Life Cycle of a Mosquito
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Symptoms of Dengue Fever

• Fever
• Headache
• Muscle and joint pain
• Nausea/vomiting
• Rash
• Hemorrhagic manifestations

Patients may also report other symptoms, such as
itching and aberrations in the sense of taste,
particularly a metallic taste. In addition, there
have been reports of severe mouth dryness after
the acute phase of the illness.
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1.The virus is inoculated into humans with the
mosquito saliva. 2.The virus localizes and
replicates in various target organs, for example,
local lymph nodes and the liver. 3.The virus is
then released from these tissues and spreads
through the blood to infect white blood cells and
other lymphatic tissues. 4.The virus is then
released from these tissues and circulates in the
blood.
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5.The mosquito ingests blood containing the
virus. 6.The virus replicates in the mosquito
midgut, the ovaries, nerve tissue and fat body.
It then escapes into the body cavity, and later
infects the salivary glands. 7.The virus
replicates in the salivary glands and when the
mosquito bites another human, the cycle
continues.
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Transmission Illustration Diagram
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Four Grades of DHF
Grade 1 Fever and nonspecific constitutional
symptoms Positive tourniquet test is only
hemorrhagic manifestation Grade 2 Grade 1
manifestations spontaneous bleeding Grade 3
Signs of circulatory failure (rapid/weak pulse,
narrow pulse pressure, hypotension, cold/clammy
skin) Grade 4 Profound shock (undetectable
pulse and BP)
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Preventions
Keep your homes and offices protected against
mosquitoes. Keep homes and offices airy, bright
and safe from moisture. Fix nets on doors and
windows. Wear full sleeves clothes. Use
mosquito nets while sleeping. Don't leave the
overhead tanks open avoid using swimming
pools. Don't keep water in containers for more
than a week. Instead, empty them every week, let
them dry and then fill again. Don't let the
water falling from the overhead tanks to
accumulate permanently. Instead dry it. Don't
let the water accumulate in any case both inside
or outside the home. Be mindful of your home's
cleanliness. Keep the fence and hedge
boundaries duly cut both inside and outside the
home, and spray over them with insecticides,
particularly in the evening. Don't let the
water stay all the time in the flower pots,
gamias of plants. Instead water them only in the
morning every alternate day. The best way to
fight dengue is through sustained cleanliness and
sanitation.
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Programs to Minimize the Impact of Epidemics

• Education of the medical community
• Implementation of emergency contingency plan
• Education of the general population

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Facts about Dengue Fever in Pakistan - 2011

• First outbreak in Pakistan was in 1994 probably
  came from Thailand and Malaysia.
• Punjab is the most victimized province from
  Dengue fever.
• Approx. 900 cases are reported daily in Lahore.
• So far, over 9000 dengue cases have been reported
  in Lahore.
• Sindh Islamabad are 2nd and 3rd largest
  victimized ares of Pakistan.
• In Karachi, total 1500 cases has been reported.
• World Health Organisation in response to a
  request made by the director general health
  office had agreed to provide medicated bed nets
  shortly.

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Sri Lankan experts give serious advice on dengue
The team comprises doctors, clinical experts,
epidemiologist, physicians and communication
specialists that is visiting Pakistan on the
invitation of the Punjab government to make
suggestions on treating and controlling the
dengue fever as Sri Lanka has an excellent
experience of defeating it.

• Fumigation, being done officially or
  unofficially, can help overcome the spread of
  ailment by just 15 per cent while preventive
  measures taken by the community at homes can
  defeat it by 85 per cent.
• The experts said Sri Lanka has successfully
  grappled with the disease over the past thirty
  years mainly by creating 100 public awareness.
• They said that the panic created in Pakistan has
  led to most deaths because some affected who are
  already suffering from diabetes or heart problems
  can't physically and psychologically bear the
  pressure of the disease and collapse having
  cardiac arrest.
• They said effect of dengue would ease by October
  and would end in December.

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Efforts of Government Health Departments

• Government of Punjab had developed Punjab Health
  Line Project for Dengue whose number is
  0800-99000. Any person can take information on by
  dengue by calling on it.
• The government has raised awareness for spraying.
  Article 144 is implemented in Lahore for the
  prevention of dengue.
• The Chief Minister of Punjab, Mr. Shahbaz Sharif,
  had called a meeting for this purpose. He had
  contacted with Dengue Special Mobile Team to
  immediate recovery of this epidemic.
• Close liaison has been established with hospitals
  and National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad
  in order to work in coordination. A separate team
  comprising of a dispenser and a malaria worker
  has been deputed to create awareness amongst
  general public who are visiting the communities
  and advising them about the precautionary and
  preventive measures against the diseases, he
  added.

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Voluntary Actions
Khalid Book Depot-Lahore is voluntarily working
free against the spread of this epidemic. If any
one wants to spray in his community/home, please
contact on this Number
042-37223881
Message by Health Division - Sindh Government

• Div. Of Health Sindh/District/Town
  Administration teams are spraying home to home to
  eradicate Dengue Fever.
• Kindly Note Only allow those teams who have gov.
  identification cards.
• To get assisstance Please contact on the
  following Numbers
• 0321-2420780
• 0229240106
• 02199215970

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Frequently Asked Questions

• Q1How soon After Exposure do Symptoms appear
• Ans Normally 4-6 days with a range of 3-14 days.
• Q2 How is Dengue Diagnosed?
• Ans By blood test of followings
• Platelets
• White Blood Cells (WBC)
• Virus Isolation
• Q3 How is Dengue Treated?
• Ans There is no specific treatment. Maintenance
  of the circulating fluid volume is the central
  feature of DHF case management. Use lot of fresh
  juices e.g. Apple juice, pomegranate juice,
  Papaya leaves syrup etc. are helpful in
  increasing platelets against fever. Panadol and
  use of paracetamol is the only drug of choice to
  bring down fever.

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Q4 Can I get Dengue from another person? Ans It
does not spread from person to person, but only
spread by bites of infected mosquitoes. Q5 Can
fever become dangerous? Ans Virus effects bone
marrow, causes reduction of WBCs and platelets
and also damage to blood vessels. Q6 When
should a patient suffering from Dengue go to the
hospital or consult a doctor? Ans Right from the
day of fever. Generally progress towards dengue
fever occur after 3-5 days of fever. At this
time, fever has often come down and we think it
is recovering. Infact this is the most dangerous
period that requires high vigilance from
care-givers. Q7 Is there a vaccine to prevent
dengue fever? Ans Yet, no vaccine available in
the market, please avoid using any vaccine.
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Q8 Is dengue fever more serious in infants or
pregnant women? Ans Dengue fever in infants is
less serious and has no effects in newborn.
Pregnant mother can transfuse her blood for
recovery of loss plateplets.
This is a challenge and can be overcome by a
comprehensive public awareness campaign
For Urdu updates on Dengue Fever, Kindly check
this website
http//www.columnpk.com/dengue-fever-in-urdu-sympt
oms-treatment-and-precautions/
For WHO guidelines, Kindly check this website
http//www.denguevirusnet.com/guidelines.html
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Hope You have a Nice Mosquito Bite Free Day