Dengue fever

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Dengue Fever

• A presentation by
• Ahmad Tariq Bhatti
• Lahore

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Dengue Fever
Dengue (pronounced as DENgee) fever is a painful,
debilitating mosquito-borne disease caused by any
one of four closely related Dengue viruses.
Each year, an estimated 100 million cases of
Dengue fever occur worldwide. Dengue fever (also
known as break-bone fever) spreading mosquito has
challenged Punjab Government in the last 3 to 4
years. Government of Punjab has spent huge funds
to fight against the killer mosquito. It has
affected thousands of people all over Pakistan
in last 3 to 4 years.
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Aedes Aegypti Dengue Mosquito (a close shot of
the killer mosquito)
The Killer Mosquito Dengue
.
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Kill Dengue, Kill Dengue!!!
The mosquito can be recognized by white markings
on legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on
the thorax. The mosquito originated in Africa but
is now found in tropical and subtropical regions
throughout the world. Please refer to slide 3
for illustration of Dengue Mosquito
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Breeding Places
Barrels, open sewerage holes, drums, jars, pots,
buckets, flower vases, plant-pots, tanks,
discarded bottles, tins, tyres, stagnant water,
tree holes, palm fronds and a lot more places
where rain water is stored. Keep your
environment clean from mosquitoes. Important
note The mosquito that causes Dengue fever,
bites during the day, particularly in the early
morning and in the evening.
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Transmission

• Dengue virus is primarily transmitted
  by Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes Aegypti. 
• Other Aedes species that transmit the disease
  include
• Aedes Albopictus, 
• Aedes Polynesiensis and 
• Aedes Scutellaris. 
• Humans are the primary host of the virus, but it
  also circulates in non-human primates. An
  infection can be acquired via a single bite. A
  female mosquito that takes a blood meal from a
  person infected with Dengue fever becomes itself
  infected with the virus in the cells lining its
  gut.
• The virus is not contagious and cannot be spread
  directly from person to person.

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Classification

• World Health Organization has classified Dengue
  fever into two groups in 2009
• Severe and
• Uncomplicated.
• Severe Dengue is defined as the one that is
  associated with severe bleeding, severe organ
  dysfunction, or severe plasma leakage while all
  other cases are classified as uncomplicated.

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Symptoms

• Dengue fever begins with a sudden high fever,
  often as high as 104 - 105 degrees Fahrenheit,
  within 4 to 7 days after the infection.
• A flat, red rash may appear over most of the body
  within 2 to 5 days after the fever starts. A
  second rash, which looks like the measles,
  appears later in the disease. Infected people may
  have increased skin sensitivity and are very
  uncomfortable.
• Other symptoms include
• Fatigue
• Headache (especially behind the eyes)
• Joint aches
• Muscle aches
• Nausea
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Vomiting

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Causes Incidence
Dengue fever is caused by one of four different
but related viruses. It is spread by the bite of
mosquitoes, most commonly the mosquito Aedes
Aegypti. The virus has four different types and
the infection with one type usually gives
lifelong immunity to that type, but only
short-term immunity to the others. Subsequent
infection with a different type increases the
risk of severe complications.
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Manifestations of Dengue Virus Infection
Dengue Virus Infection
Without Symptoms
With Symptoms
No Different from other fever
Dengue Fever (DF) Syndrome
Dengue Hemorrhage Fever (DHF)
Dengue Shock Syndrome
With Unusual Hemorrhage
Without Hemorrhage
No Shock
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Prevention

• Because Dengue fever is spread by a virus, there
  is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat
  it. For a typical Dengue fever, the treatment is
  purely concerned with the relief of symptoms.
• Mind it, there is no vaccine available for the
  treatment of Dengue fever currently. 
• Therefore, prevention is sought only by
• Eliminating the breeding places of mosquitoes,
• Keeping the environment clean,
• Constant spraying insecticides at open places and
  
• Limiting exposure to bites by using mosquito
  nets, coils etc.
• It is also advisable to massage exposed body
  parts with a suitable insect repellent and wear
  long sleeve shirts and clothing which covers arms
  and legs.

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Spread the Awareness About Dengue Mosquitoes
Let your family, friends and neighbors know
about the dangers of breeding mosquitoes around
you!!!
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Treatment
There is no specific medicine to treat Dengue
infection. If you think you may have Dengue
fever, you should use pain relievers with
Acetaminophen and avoid medicines with Aspirin,
which could worsen bleeding. You should also take
rest, drink plenty of fluids, and see your doctor
regularly. If you start to feel worse in the
first 24 hours after your fever goes down, you
should rush to a hospital immediately to be
checked for complications. http//www.webmd.com
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Take good care of your health and avoid contract
with Dengue Fever. Good Health! Thank you!
A presentation by Ahmad Tariq Bhatti Lahore