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The Solar System
In this multimedial work we will show you a view
of the Solar System and its elements(planets,
asteroids, comets)
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Planets' features
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KEPLER
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REMEMBER
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KEPLERS LAWS
Though originally stated to describe the motion
of planets around the sun, also apply to comets.
LAW 1 The orbit of a planet/comet about the
Sun is an ellipse with the Sun's center of mass
at one focus
This is the equation for an ellipse
                
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First law
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planet
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Second law
A line joining a planet/comet and the Sun sweeps
out equal areas in equal intervals of time
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exemple
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Third law
The squares of the periods of the planets are
proportional to the cubes of their semimajor
axes Ta2 / Tb2 Ra3 / Rb3 .Square of any
planet's orbital period (sidereal) is
proportional to cube of its mean distance
(semi-major axis) from Sun exemple T kR3/2 ,
where T sideral period, and R semi-major axis
Example - If a is measured in astronomical units
(AU semi-major axis of Earth's orbit) and
sidereal period in years (Earth's sidereal
period), then the constant k in mathematical
expression for Kepler's third law is equal to 1,
and the mathematical relation becomes T2 R3
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EXEMPLE
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(No Transcript)
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.
The Moon
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The moon is the second brightest object in the
sky, after the Sun.
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The first landing was on July 20,1969.
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The moon has no atmosphere.But there may be water
ice in some deep ceaters near the Moons south
pole.
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The sun
Diameter1,390,000 km. Mass 1,890e30 kg
Temperature 5800K(surface)
15,600,000 K (core)
Sun,at present,is about 70hydrogen and 28helium
by mass everything else(metals) amounts to less
than 2. This changes as the Sun convers
hydroigen to helium in its core.
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solar eclipse
An eclipse of the Sun (or solar eclipse) can only
occur at New Moon when the Moon passes between
Earth and Sun. If the Moon's shadow happens to
fall upon Earth's surface at that time, we see
some portion of the Sun's disk covered or
'eclipsed' by the Moon. As a result, the Moon's
shadow usually misses Earth as it passes above or
below our planet at New Moon. At least twice a
year, the geometry lines up just right so that
some part of the Moon's shadow falls on Earth's
surface and an eclipse of the Sun is seen from
that region. The Moon's shadow actually has two
parts Penumbra - Faint outer shadow partial
eclipses are seen from within this shadow.
Umbra- Dark inner shadow total eclipses are
seen from within this shadow.
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the basic evolutionary theory
Nebular hypotesis
Capture theory
Fission theory
Accrescion theory
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Planetary collision theory
Gas could theory
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COMETS

• Unlike the other small bodies in the solar
  system, comets have been known since antiquity.
  There are Chinese records of Comet Halley going
  back to at least 240 BC. The famous Bayeux
  Tapestry, which commemorates the Norman Conquest
  of England in 1066, depicts an apparition of
  Comet Halley.

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ASTEROIDS
Thousands asteroids are discovered each
year.There are undoubedtly 100 of thousands more
that are too small to be seen from the
Earth.There are 26 known asteroids larger than
200 km in diametre
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SEDNA

• The coldest most distant place known in the solar
  system possibly the first object in the
  long-hypothesized Oort cloud.On 15 March 2004,
  astronomers from Caltech, Gemini Observatory, and
  Yale University announced the discovery of the
  coldest, most distant object known to orbit the
  sun. The object was found at a distance 90 times
  greater than that from the sun to the earth --
  about 3 times further than Pluto, the most
  distant known planet.

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OORT CLOUD

• Oort cloud (sometimes called the Öpik-Oort Cloud)
  is a postulated spherical cloud of comets
  situated about 50,000 to 100,000 AU from the sun
  (approximately 1000 times the distance from the
  Sun to Pluto.In 1932 Ernst Öpik, an Estonian
  astronomer, proposed that comets originate in an
  orbiting cloud situated at the outermost edge of
  the solar system.

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KUIPER BELT

• The Kuiper Belt is a region of space along the
  ecliptic outside the orbit of Neptune. It
  contains countless comets and "super comets" or
  planetesimals. It's existance was predicted in
  1951 by Gerald Kuiper, for whom the belt was
  named. Starting in March 1992, and in rapid
  succession thereafter, a series of icy
  planetesimals, or "super comets" have been
  discovered orbiting the sun beyond Neptune.

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HUBBLE
The Hubble Space Telescope orbits far above the
distorting effect of atmosphere,about 600 km
above the Earth.Astronomers use Hubbles
scientific instruments as their electronic eye.
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VOYAGER 1-2

• The twin Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft opened new
  vistas in space by greatly expanding our
  knowledge of Jupiter and Saturn.

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Spacecraft... past
OrbitersLaunch August 20, 1975 (Viking 1)
September 9, 1975 (Viking 2)Arrival June 19,
1976 (Viking 1) August 7, 1976 (Viking 2)Mass
2,325 kilograms (5,125 pounds) with fuelScience
instruments High-resolution Camera, Atmospheric
Water-vapor Mapper, Surface Heat Mapper,
Occultation Experiment
SpacecraftLaunch December 4, 1996Landing July
4, 1997Mass 895 kilograms (1,973 pounds) at
launch, fueledScience instruments Imager
Magnets for measuring magnetic properties of
soil Wind socks Atmospheric structure
instrument/meteorology package
RoverMass 10.6 kilograms (23 pounds)Science
instruments Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer,
three Cameras (also technology experiments)
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Spacecraft... present
SpacecraftLaunch June-July 2003Arrival
January 2004Science instruments Panoramic
Camera, Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer,
Mössbauer Spectrometer, Alpha Particle X-ray
Spectrometer, Microscopic Imager
SpacecraftLaunch April 7, 2001Arrival October
24, 2001Mass 758 kilograms (1,671 pounds),
fueledScience instruments Thermal Emission
Imaging System (THEMIS), Gamma Ray Spectrometer
(GRS), Mars Radiation Environment Experiment
(MARIE)
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Spacecraft... future

SpacecraftLaunch August, 2005Arrival March,
2006Mass less than 2180 kilograms ( 4806
pounds), fueledScience instruments High
Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE),
Context Camera(CTX), Mars Color Imager (MARCI),
Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for
Mars (CRISM), Mars Climate Sounder (MCS), Shallow
Radar (SHARAD)
NASA proposes to develop and to launch a roving
long-range, long-duration science laboratory that
will be a major leap in surface measurements and
pave the way for a future sample return mission.
NASA is studying options to launch this mobile
science laboratory mission as early as 2009. This
capability will also demonstrate the technology
for "smart landers" with accurate landing and
hazard avoidance in order to reach what may be
very promising but difficult-to-reach scientific
sites.
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CASSINI-HUYGENS

• On July 1, 2004 the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft
  will fire its main engine to reduce its speed,
  allowing the spacecraft to be captured by
  Saturn's gravity and enter orbit .

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BUSH's speech
We choose to explore space because doing so
improves our lives, and lifts our national
spirit. So let us continue the journey. May God
bless.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

• www.gqgallery.co.uk/images/comets.jpg
• www.nineplanets.org
• www.nasda.gp.jp
• www.jpl.nasa.gov
• www.pdastro.com
• www.public.asn.edu
• www.guildsoftware.com
• www.allthesky.com
• www.solstation.com
• www.astro.ysc.go.jp

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www.space.odyssey.de/voyager.htm www.cnn.com/speci
als/cassini/missions/ www.vectorsite.net www.astro
nomy.youtreach.net/news.d/ www.quest.arc.nasa.go w
ww.solarviews.com/eng/asteroids.htm www.encke.jpl.
nasa.gov www.solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/ www.voy
ager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/interstellar www.esa.int
/SPECIALS/cassini-huygens/ www.mars.jpl.nasa.gov/m
issions www.whitehouse.gow/news/releases
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The end...
De Cristofano Luisa Ippolito Raffaella Mangone
Ylenia Martino Roberta Palumbo Marianna Perozziell
o Francesca Margaret Sbrescia Raffaella
Thanks for your attention!