Introduction: Basic Anatomy of the Heart

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Introduction Basic Anatomy of the Heart
Neat Fact Your heart beats about 100,000 times
in one day and about 35 million times in a year.
During an average lifetime, the human heart will
beat more than 2.5 billion times.

• Chapter Learning Objectives
• Describe the location, approximate size, and
  function of the heart
• Describe the protective coverings of the heart
• 3) Identify the major anatomical structures of
  the heart and explain how they function
• Trace the pathway of blood through the heart
• Describe cardiac muscle
• Explain the hearts pacemaker and the electrical
  conductivity of the heart
• Explain the waves of an ECG

Developed by Stephanie Lanoue for L.I.T.
5/14/2007
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Where is Your Heart Located?
Try this 1)Stand up. 2)Put your hand on your
heart (keep it there).
Neat Fact The heart pumps about 1 million
barrels of blood during an average
lifetime--that's enough to fill more than 3 super
tankers.
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PREDICT
How big is your heart?
Neat Fact On average, your body has about 5
liters of blood continually traveling through it
by way of the circulatory system.
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How Would You Describe the Heart? What Do You
Already Know About It?
Class Activity Appreciating Your Heart as a
Pump.
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The Hearts Protective Coverings
Heart enclosed in double-walled sac called the
________________. Superficial fibrous
pericardium Deep serous pericardium between
the 2 layers is some fluid
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Remember the number
4
Next, we are going to learn basic heart
anatomy ? 4 chambers ? 4 valves ? 4 main blood
vessels coming into/ exiting the heart
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Orientation of the Heart in the Body
Right
Left
Right
Left
Remember, you are looking at someone elses
chest! (Speaking of someone elses chestheart
surgery photos)
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Photos from Open Heart Surgery Observations
Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
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Basic Heart Anatomy
NOTE TO STUDENTS Label the structures of the
heart on your diagram as I explain them.
Heart Chambers
S. Lanoue
NOTE Atria plural form of atrium
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Heart Anatomy Continued
Blood Vessels
S. Lanoue
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Valves
1
2
3
semilunar valve image (3 cusps
are open)
mitral valve image
( 2 cusps)
S. Lanoue
Neat Fact Heart sounds (lub, dub) are caused
by the closing of the heart valves. The mitral
tricuspid valves make the 1st sound, and the
aortic pulmonary valves the 2nd.
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Valves continued
S. Lanoue
Chordae tendineae (heart strings) attached to
______ and _____ valves. They anchor valve cusps
to the papillary muscles (which play a role in
valve function). Papillary muscles protrude from
the ventricle walls.
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REVIEW
S. Lanoue
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What is a Heart Attack?
http//www.healthscout.com/animation/68/13/main.ht
ml
S. Lanoue
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Additional Important Arteries
Coronary circulation is blood provided by the
right and left coronary arteries.

• Left coronary
• anterior interventricular artery (also known as
  the left anterior descending which supplies to
  the interventricular septum and anterior walls of
  both ventricles)
• circumflex artery (supplies left atrium and
  posterior walls of left ventricle).

• Right coronary
• marginal artery (supplies myocardium of the
  lateral right side)
• posterior interventricular artery

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Cardiac Veins

• After passing through capillary beds of the
  myocardium, the blood flows into the coronary
  sinus (which empties blood into right atrium).
  Has 3 tributaries
• ______ cardiac vein
• ______ cardiac vein
• _______ cardiac vein
• Also, several anterior cardiac veins.

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Partner Activity Blood Flow Through the Heart
Instructions Working with a partner, can you
describe the flow of blood through the heart?
Start with the right atrium. List all the major
structures along the way (chambers, valves, and
vessels). Refer to the diagram on page 602.
Example Rt. atrium gt ? valvegt ? (chamber) gt ?
valve up the pulmonary trunk which divides into
the gt ? arteries (which send the deoxygenated
blood into the ? for O2.) From the lungs back to
the heart along the ? Veins gt ? (chamber) through
the ? Valve gt? (chamber) gt ? Valve gt Aorta gt Body
gt Venae cavae.
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Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac muscle _______, short (fat/ _______)
cells that are interconnected for quicker
communication conduction of electrical current.
Video footage http//video.aol.com/video-detail/b
eating-human-heart-cells-from-embryonic-stem-cells
/4230805508
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Conduction System
Know Sequence of Excitation 1. Sinoatrial node
(SAN) or __________ gt 2. _______ventricular node
(AVN) gt 3. Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of
___) gt 4. Right and Left bundle branches gt 5.
Purkinje fibers (directly supply the papillary
muscles)
See animation http//www.jdaross.cwc.net/cardiac_
cycle.htm
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) http//www.cardioconnectio
n.org/frameWork.aspx?cntcad/diagnosis/ecg
3 Distinguishable Waves ___ initiation of the
heartbeat in the atria ___ movement of the
electrical current through the ventricles __
recovery phase electrical current spreads back
over the ventricles in the opposite direction
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) continued
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings
Healthy heart _____, ______, and timing of
waves tend to be _____________ Unhealthy heart
waves are ______ Examples an enlarged R wave
hints of enlarged ventricles or a prolonged Q-T
interval may reveal ventricular arrhythmias
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Normal and Abnormal ECG Readings

1. _______ steady sinus rhythm
2. Non-functional _____
3. Heart _____ damage to the AVN (interferes with
   the ventricles receiving pacing impulses)
4. __________ fibrillation (acute heart attack or
   electrical shock)

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Normal and Abnormal ECG Readings continued
Arrhythmias ________ heartbeats caused by
uncoordinated atrial and ventricular
contractions Example atrial flutter
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v3q4TJUmMztY _____
______ rapid and irregular contractions SAN
looses control of setting the pace fatal
condition
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Other Heart Abnormalities
Heart ________ blood back flowing through a
heart valve ___________ abnormally fast heart
rate __________ heart rate slower than 60
beats per minute Congestive heart failure
progressively worsening condition in which the
heart can no longer pump blood efficiently (heart
weakens and enlarges)