Air Pollution

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Air Pollution

• What are we breathing?

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Danger in the air we breathe

• At rest, human beings breathe in and out at every
  4 seconds,
• 16 times in a minuteand
• 960 times an hour or
• 8.5 million times of air intake in a year.
• This adds up to I million gallons a year (4
  million liters) of oxygen-related air in a year

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Layers of the atmosphere
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The worlds polluted cities nitrogen dioxide

• Nitrogen dioxide is a yellowish-brownish gas
  with a chocking odor produced from the reaction
  between smokes from cars and coal burning plants
  and oxygen in the air

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Natural sources of air pollution

• Ash and smoke from lightning-triggered forest
  fires
• Ash and dust from volcanic eruptions
• Salt spray from sea waves
• Methane from decaying organic matter
• Pollen from plants
• Dust from windstorms

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AIR POLLUTION sources and types

• Stationary Sources smokestacks, power
  generating plants smelters
• Mobile sources automobiles, boats, trains,
  satellites, rockets etc.
• TYPES OF AIR POLLUTION
• 1. Primary pollutants emitted directly into the
  air
• 2. Secondary pollutants existing pollutants
  react with air to form new compounds

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Smokestacks Stationary sources of air pollution
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Automobiles mobile sources of air pollution
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Air pollution major impacts
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Air Pollution regional and global problems

• Acid rain
• Photochemical Smog
• Industrial Smog
• Greenhouse effect and global warming
• Depletion of stratospheric ozone
• Eutrophication

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Acid rain formation
Sulphur dioxide nitrogen dioxide water
oxidants acid rain
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Acid Rain effects on stone work

• How acid rain affects stone work
• The picture on the left was taken in 1908 and
  the one on the right was taken in 1968
• www.shu.ac.uk/.../resources/uploaded/
  ideas/air_poll6.htm

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Ecological impacts of pH
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Acid Rain effects on forests

• The effect of acid rain on forests

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Trees damaged by acid rain
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Coal burning plants sources of industrial smog
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Causes of photochemical smog

• Ozone, the main component of photochemical
  smog, forms in the atmosphere over cities on
  Sunny summer days
• This is due to the action of UV-rays on the
  nitrogen dioxide (N02) produced by traffic,
  besides other gases and dust.

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Sources of Indoor air pollution
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Indoor air pollutants2
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Air pollution sources in the home
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Cooking and air indoor pollution

• The food preparation process is a major source of
  health risks to women and children in poor
  developing countries
• wood

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Health effects of biomass burning

• Traditional wood stoves are a major source of
  concentrated pollutants including
• Respirable particulate matter, carbon
  monoxide, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, benzene
  and aromatics.

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Indoor particulate matter concentration in
selected developing countries
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Carbon monoxide from biofuel combustion
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Common health effects of fuelwood combustion
www.teriin.org/case/stove.htm
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Common health effects of air indoor pollution
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Effects of biomass combustion
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Smoke from burning Kuwaiti oilfields