Imperialism

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Imperialism
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What is Imperialism?

• The policy in which stronger nations extend
  their economic, political or military control
  over weaker territories.

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Why Imperialism?

• America needed raw Materials from Abroad
• American needed new markets for its goods

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Why Imperialism

• Alfred Thayer Mahan Influence of Sea Power Upon
  History
• Acquire a modern fleet
• Naval bases in the Caribbean Sea
• A canal across the Isthmus of Panama
• Pacific Islands ( Hawaii)

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Why Imperialism?

• Anglo-Saxon Superiority
• Belief that the Anglo-Saxon race was superior
• Europeans were dividing Africa into colonies
• Americans felt that they should not fall behind
  in the race for colonies.
• Jingoism

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White Mans Burdenby Rudyard Kipling

• Take up the White Mans burden-
• The savage wars and peace-
• Fill full the mouth Famine
• And Bid the sickness cease
• And when your goal is nearest
• The end for others sought
• Watch Sloth and heathen Folly
• Bring all your hope to naught.
• Take up the White Mans burden-
• No tawdry rules of things.
• But toil of ser and sweeper-
• The tale of common things.
• The ports ye shall not tread, Go make them with
  your living ,
• And mark them with your dead.
• Take up the White Mans Burden
• And Reap his old reward
• The blame of those ye better,
• The hate of those ye guard.

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Spanish American War

• America had interest in Cuba sugar crops
• Cubans were rebelling against Spain and fighting
  for independence( 2 Civil Wars 1868 and 1895)
• Jose Marti, a Cuban writer exiled to New York,
  was influential in Cubas 2nd war for
  Independence.

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Factors that caused war

• Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to crush
  rebellion by putting 300,000 Cubans into
  concentration camps.
• (nicknamed the Butcher)
• Thousands died in the camps from hunger and
  disease.

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Factors cont.

• Yellow journalism Newspapers (writing that
  exaggerates the truth to lure and/or enrage).
• William Randolph Hearst (New York Journal)
• you furnish the pictures and Ill furnish the
  war
• Joseph Pulitzer (New York World)

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Factors Cont.

• The De Lome Letter
• McKinley tried to avoid war when he went into
  office in 1897. He tried diplomatic means with
  Spain.
• Cuban rebel stole a letter from a Spanish
  minister to the U.S. He leaked it to the Press.
  The letter was to McKinley and said that he was
  weak and a bidder of admiration

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Factors cont.

• Tension was increasing in Cuba
• McKinley sent the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to bring
  home U.S. citizens and to protect American
  interests
• In 1898, the ship blew up in the harbor of Havana
  (unknown cause)

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War erupts with Spain

• Caribbean
• American troops ill prepared for the climate
• William T. Sampson sealed up Spanish Fleet in
  Santiago harbor in Cuba
• Famous battle at Kettle Hill (Cuba)
• San Juan Hill (Cuba) victory led Spain to try and
  escape
• U.S. then invades Puerto Rico
• Philippines
• George Dewey led victory against Spanish in
  Manila
• Filipinos wanted Spain out, so they supported
  U.S.

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End Results

• Interest in Asia grew and was backed by Big
  Business interest (raw materials and markets)
• U.S. becomes a colonial Power
• Unified nation 1st Time since Civil War
• Treaty of Paris 1898
• 1. Cuba is independent
• 2. U.S. obtains Philippines (for 20 million)
• 3. Puerto Rico and Guam

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Philippine-American War

• Filipinos led a revolt against the United States
  (leader was Emilio Aguinaldo)
• Philippine American War lasted 3 years.
• The U.S. won in 1902 and held on to the
  Philippines until 1946
• 20,000 Filipino rebels and 4,000 Americans died
  (the war cost 400 million 20 times the price
  the U.S. paid for the islands)

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Chinas Open Door Policy

• U.S. Secretary John Hay issued policy statements
  in 1899 called Open Door Notes
• Fearing that the U.S. would be shut out of trade
  in China because of other countries colonizing
  China, Hay suggested to Imperialist leaders that
  other nations share their trading rights with the
  U.S.

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Boxer Rebellion

• Boxers opposed Western influence and control in
  China
• Led a rebellion thousands of Chinese killed
• European nations and U.S. military crushed
  rebellion

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Panama Canal

• Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850 Between U.S. and
  Britain. U.S. couldnt secure control
• Hay-Pauncefote of 1901 gave U.S. right to build
  canal and conceded Britains right
• Debate over canal should be in Panama or
  Nicaragua
• Panama was under Colombian control
• U.S. helped Panama break free from Colombia

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Panama Canal

• Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty price of canal the
  same, but zone was widened from 6 10 miles
• Took 10 years to complete finished in 1914
• Cost was 400 million
• 5,600 workers lost their lives
• Approx. 300,000 people worked on canal

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U.S. as a World Power

• Roosevelt Corollary big stick diplomacy
  tacked on to the Monroe Doctrine. Not only
  should European powers stay out of Latin America,
  but any disorder might force the U.S. to exercise
  international police power.

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Theodore Roosevelt Big Stick Policy

• Asserted the right of U.S. to act as the
  international Police Force. speak softly and
  carry a big stick
• Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
  asserted the U.S. Right to intervene in Dominican
  Republic, Panama, Cuba, Nicaragua, Honduras,
  Mexico and Haiti.

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"Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go
far" - Theodore Roosevelt
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Gentlemens Agreement

• Agreement between U.S. (Roosevelt) and Japan
• U.S. wouldnt segregate Japanese in schools
• Japan would not allow Japanese to emigrate to
  U.S.
• Put in place 1907 - 1908

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William Howard TaftDollar Diplomacy

• Encouraged U.S. Business to invest in foreign
  regions.
• Use dollars not bullets to advance U.S. authority
  and prosperity while promoting world wide
  stability.
• Aid Latin American countries financially that are
  in debt to European nations
• Ordered troops to Haiti, the Dominican Republic
  and Mexico, justifying the use of force as a
  means to teach other nations how to establish law
  and order.

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Woodrow WilsonMoral / Missionary Diplomacy

• Wanted to secure U.S. economic interest abroad,
  but the U.S should champion democracy around the
  globe and help maintain peace.
• Emphasized self-determination.
• U.S. developed an empire by expanding its
  political and economic influence around the
  world.