Abolitionism and Sectionalism

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Abolitionism and Sectionalism
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General Themes

• Free blacks are the strongest supporters of
  abolitionism
• Most northern whites opposed to abolitionism
• Disliked abolitionist criticism of cherished
  institutions
• Feared that abolitionists would destroy the
  nation
• Most abolitionists were racists
• Belief in racial superiority
• Interest in colonization
• Fear that slavery corrupts white society

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Free Black Abolitionists

• Frederick Douglass
• Sojourner Truth (Isabella Baumfree)

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Free Black Abolitionists

• Frederick Douglass
• Sojourner Truth (Isabella Baumfree)
• Robert A. Young
• David Walker
• The Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World,
  1829

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Free Black Abolitionists

• Frederick Douglass
• Sojourner Truth (Isabella Baumfree)
• Robert A. Young
• David Walker
• The Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World,
  1829

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White Abolitionists

• Benjamin Lundy
• The Genius of Universal Emancipation, 1821

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White Abolitionists

• Benjamin Lundy
• The Genius of Universal Emancipation, 1821
• William Lloyd Garrison
• The Liberator, 1831
• American Anti-Slavery Society, 1833

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White Abolitionists

• Benjamin Lundy
• The Genius of Universal Emancipation, 1821
• William Lloyd Garrison
• The Liberator, 1831
• American Anti-Slavery Society, 1833
• Arthur Tappan
• American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society

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White Abolitionists

• Benjamin Lundy
• The Genius of Universal Emancipation, 1821
• William Lloyd Garrison
• The Liberator, 1831
• American Anti-Slavery Society, 1833
• Arthur Tappan
• American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
• Sarah and Angelina Grimke

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The Underground Railroad

• Role of the Quakers
• Harriet Tubman
• Limited success

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The White Backlash

• In the North
• Elijah Lovejoy murdered, 1837
• Pennsylvania Hall burned, 1838
• In the South
• Mob violence
• Suppression of free speech
• The Gag Rule, 1836-1845

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The Mexican War, 1846-1848

• Sectional divisions
• The Wilmot Proviso, August 1846
• The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, February 2, 1848

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The Compromise of 1850

• California a free state
• Texas boundaries established
• Popular sovereignty in NM and UT
• Slave trade banned in Washington DC
• The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
• Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 1842
• Anthony Burns, 1854

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Uncle Toms Cabin, 1852

• Harriet Beecher Stowe

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Bleeding Kansas

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
• Stephen Douglas
• Beechers Bibles
• John Brown, Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas, May 1856

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Violence in Congress

• Sen. Charles Sumner, Mass.
• Sen. Andrew Butler, S. Car.
• Rep. Preston Brooks, S. Car.

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The Dred Scott Case

• Scott v. Sanford, 1857
• Supreme Court finally involved
• Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
• Not a U.S. citizen
• Not free
• Overturned the Missouri Compromise

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Harpers Ferry

• October 1859
• John Brown
• The Secret Six
• The meteor of the war

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The Election of 1860

• Lincoln - Douglas debates
• The Freeport Doctrine, 1858
• A four-way race
• Abraham Lincoln Republicans
• Stephen Douglas Northern Democrats
• John C. Breckenridge Southern Democrats
• John Bell Constitutional Union
• Secession

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THE CIVIL WAR
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Northern Attitudes

• War aim Preserve the Union
• Contraband
• Confiscation Act, August 1861
• Race hatred
• Jobs, strikes, and substitutes
• New York Draft Riots, July 1863

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Emancipation

• Lincolns attitudes
• Public
• Private
• Cabinet debate, July 1862
• Antietam, September 17, 1862
• Emancipation Proclamation, September 22, 1862

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The Emancipation Proclamation

• All persons held as slaves within any state, or
  designated part of the state, the people whereof
  shall be in rebellion against the United States,
  shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free
• January 1, 1863
• The 13th Amendment, 1865
• Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude . . .
  Shall exist within the United States

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United States Colored Troops

• Early recruitment efforts
• 54th Massachusetts Regiment
• Robert Gould Shaw
• Battery Wagner, July 18, 1864
• Recruitment of former slaves
• Confederate atrocities
• Fort Pillow, April 12, 1864

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Southern Attitudes

• War aim States Rights
• Revolts, runaways, and disobedience
• Agricultural problems
• Contributions to the war effort
• Farmers
• Servants for Confederate officers
• Industrial workers
• Soldiers

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Towards Reconstruction

• Efforts to assist former slaves
• Superintendents of Negro Affairs
• Private relief efforts
• Bureau of Refuges, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands
  (The Freedmens Bureau) March 3, 1865
• Forty acres and a mule

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The Beginnings of a Southern Backlash