Chapter 8 RELIGION and REFORM 1812-1860

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Chapter 8RELIGION and REFORM1812-1860

• How did the Second Great Awakening lead to
  several reform efforts, and what effect did those
  reform efforts have on American society?

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Standards

• c. Describe reform movements,
  specifically temperance, abolitionism, and public
  school.
• d. Explain womens efforts to gain the
  suffrage, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and
  the Seneca Falls Conference.

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A Religious AwakeningSection 1

• How did the Second Great Awakening affect life in
  the United States?
• Vocabulary
• Second Great Awakening Mormon
• revivalist Unitarian
• Charles Grandison Finney utopian community
• evangelical Transcendentalist
• Joseph Smith Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Henry David Thoreau

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Sec 1 A Religious Awakening
A Religious Awakening
The Second Great Awakening Changes America   Main
Idea In the early 1800s, some Protestant
preachers believed that Americans had become
immoral and religious participation was crucial
to the countrys future. This led to the Second
Great Awakening, which lasted for nearly half the
century. Non-Protestants Suffer
Discrimination Main Idea The preachers of the
Second Great Awakening were Protestant. By the
mid-1800s, well over half of all Americans were
also Protestant. Non-Protestants were in the
distinct minority and faced discrimination.
Utopias and Transcendentalism Main Idea In
the early 1800s, many Americans turned to
Protestant churches, while some formed new
religious groups. Still others, including the
Utopians, Shakers, and Transcendentalists, sought
different routes to try to fashion a more perfect
society.
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Middle Class Reform
REFORM MOVEMENT GOAL IMPACT PEOPLE INVOLVED
Protestant Revivalism Individuals can reform themselves Faith gave purpose and courage to lead reform Charles Grandison Finney, Lyman Beecher
Transcendentalism Spiritual discovery and insight would lead to truth more so than reason Led people to work at reforming society Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau
Temperance Movement End alcohol consumption During mid 1800s, alchohol consumption drops sharply American Temperance Society, Abe Lincoln
Educational Reform Improve Public Education By 1850s most Northern States have free public elementary school Horace Mann
Prison Reform Improve prison conditions Improve conditions, build mental hospitals Dorothea Dix
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Note Taking Reading Skill Identify Main Ideas
Reading Skill Identify Main Ideas
NOTE TAKING
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Transparency Growing Interest in Religion
Growing Interest in Religion
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Map Mormon Migrations 1830-1848
Mormon Migrations, 1830-1848
MAP
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Religious Discrimination

• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
  Brigham Young leads the Mormans to Utah after
  Joseph Smith is killed
• Catholics some Americans questioned the loyalty
  of these immigrants some Catholics worked for
  low wages, taking jobs from other workers
• Jewish People faced discrimination, were barred
  from holding political office, and were
  ostracized.

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Utopian Communities

• Small societies dedicated to perfection in social
  and political conditions
• New Harmony, Indiana Robert Owen/ Brook Farm
  near Boston
• Fell victim to laziness, selfishness, and
  quarreling
• Shakers no marriage or children

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Infographic Brook Farm Living the Utopian Dream
Brook Farm Living the Utopian Dream
INFOGRAPHIC
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Map Communal Societies Before 1860
Communal Societies Before 1860
MAP
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Transcendentalists

• Believed that humans could transcend their senses
  to learn of the world
• Believed that individuals should listen to nature
  to learn the truth about the universe
• Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote Nature (1836) people
  could get closer to God through nature
• Henry David Thoreau wrote Walden, describing his
  experiences living near Walden Pond for two years

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A Reforming SocietySection 2

• What were the main features of the public school,
  penitentiary, and temperance reform movements?
• Vocabulary
• public school movement Horace Mann
• penitentiary movement Neal Dow
• Dorothea Dix
• temperance movement

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Sec 2 A Reforming Society
A Reforming Society
Reforming Education Main Idea Other reforms in
the Second Great Awakening were in the field of
education, including the public school movement.
This was an argument to establish tax-supported
public schools. Helping the Ill and
Imprisoned Main Idea Americans who had little
or no voice in how they were treated were of
special concern to many reformers. That was one
reason why many reformers worked tirelessly to
help Americans who were imprisoned or mentally
ill. The Temperance Movement Main Idea Many
reformers blamed alcohol abuse for the industrial
eras problems. As a result, reformers launched
the temperance movement, an organized effort to
end alcohol abuse and its associated problems.
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Note Taking Reading Skill Understand Effects
Reading Skill Understand Effects
NOTE TAKING
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Horace Mann

• School reformer from
• Massachusetts
• State board of education
• Proposed free public
• schools, required
• attendance, adequate
• school funding
• Fought to end corporal
• punishment

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Mentally Ill and Prisoners

• Dorothea Dix visited prisons, alms houses, and
  hospitals
• Reforms in prisons
• Helped to establish mental hospitals
• in 15 states and in Canada
• Reforms for disabled people

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Temperance Movement

• Effort to end alcohol abuse
• Many wanted prohibition
• Neal Dow helped pass the Maine Law restricting
  the sale of alcohol

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Political Cartoons The Temperance Movement
Political Cartoons The Temperance Movement
TRANSPARENCY
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The Antislavery MovementSection 3

• How did reformers try to help enslaved people?
• Vocabulary
• freedman
• William Lloyd Garrison
• Nat Turner
• Frederick Douglas
• abolition movement
• Gag Rule

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Sec 3 The Antislavery Movement
The Antislavery Movement
Life Under Slavery   Main Idea Slaves, who
numbered about 2 million by 1830, struggled in
their lives of captivity, knowing that they were
at the mercy of slaveholders. The Lives of Free
Blacks Main Idea Despite their freedom, free
blacks suffered from persistent racial
discrimination. The Fight Against Slavery Main
Idea By 1804, all states north of Maryland had
passed legislation to end slavery. In 1807,
bringing new slaves to any part of the United
States from Africa was banned. Still, slavery was
an established institution in the South, where
slaves played an important role in the
economy. Working Against Abolition Main Idea
Despite the growing call of abolitionists, most
Americans continued to support slavery. The
voices against abolition came from both the slave
states of the South and the free states of the
North. Continued
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Antislavery Movement

• Abolitionist Movement
• Movement to end slavery
• The Roots
• Christianity
• Ending importation of slaves 1808
• Slave Revolts
• Liberia
• American Colonization Society
• Radical Abolitionism
• William Lloyd Garrison
• The Liberator

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Note Taking Reading Skill Summarize
Reading Skill Summarize
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Transparency African Americans in the South
African Americans in the South
TRANSPARENCY
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Note Taking Reading Skill Contrast
Reading Skill Contrast
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William Lloyd Garrison

• Published a newspaper named The Liberator
• Advocated emancipation of slaves
• American Anti-Slavery Society had 150,000 members
  by 1840

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Antislavery Movement

• Frederick Douglass North Star Life and Times of
  Frederick Douglass
• Divisions
• Women participation
• Grimké Sisters
• Racial divisions
• White people could not understand desperation
• Underground RR
• Harriet Tubman
• Resistance to Abolitionism
• Opposition in the North
• Opposition in the South
• Gag Rule

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Comparing Viewpoints Should Slavery Be Abolished?
COMPARING VIEWPOINT
Should Slavery Be Abolished?
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Free African Americans

• By 1840 slavery had been outlawed in the North
• American Colonization Society (SCS)
• Formed to encourage free African Americans to
  move to Liberia, Africa
• 1,100 people from the U.S. migrated there

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The Womens MovementSection 4

• What steps did American women take to advance
  their rights in the mid-1800s?
• Vocabulary
• matrilineal Seneca Falls Convention
• Sojourner Truth Amelia Bloomer
• womens movement suffrage
• Lucretia Mott
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Married Womens Property Act

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The Womens Movement
Women Work for Change Main Idea In the 1800s,
American womens freedoms and rights were sharply
limited. Their idealized domestic existence was
too limiting for many women. Largely as a result
of the Second Great Awakening, women of the early
1800s began to take on more active roles in
public life. Women Begin the Fight for
Rights Main Idea Real progress in womens
rights began in the 1830s when many urban
middle-class northern women began to hire poor
women to do their housework and had more time to
think about the society in which they wanted to
raise their children. At this same time, women
began to see their own social restrictions as
being comparable to slavery and began to work for
rights. Women Convene in Seneca Falls Main
Idea The 1848 Seneca Falls Convention attracted
hundreds of men and women, including Frederick
Douglass. The convention resulted in few concrete
improvements in womens rights. It did, however,
mark the beginning of the womens movement in the
United States.
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Note Taking Reading Skill Identify Causes and
Effects
Reading Skill Identify Causes and Effects
NOTE TAKING
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Chart Political and Economic Status of Women in
the Early 1800s
Political and Economic Status of Women in the
Early 1800s
CHART
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Infographic History-Makers of the Early Womens
Movement
History-Makers of the Early Womens Movement
INFOGRAPHIC
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Womens Rights

• Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Uncle Toms Cabin
• Catherine Beecher
• Women can improve society through their roles as
  wives, mothers, and teachers
• Dorothea Dix prison reform
• Sojourner Truth
• Abolitionist who preached for Womens Rights as
  well as abolition of slavery
• Seneca Falls Convention 1848
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott
• 1st organized womens rights convention womens
  suffrage

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Transparency Seneca Falls Convention
Political Cartoons Seneca Falls Convention
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Tensions Between North and South

• Reform Movements produced Conflict between N and
  S Why?
• Churches divide (N and S) over Antislavery
  movement Why?
• Traditional roles for women and schools were
  revered in the South Why?
• Southerners were offended by the Northern
  perspective of an immoral culture Why?

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