The Reformation

1
The Reformation

• Conflicts in the Catholic Church
• Abuses in the Church
• Worldliness of Renaissance popes
• Poorly educated lower clergysome illiterate
• Lower clergy having semi-official wives
• Selling of indulgences (pardons for sin)

2
Conflict in the Catholic Church

• Reasons for Reform
• The printing press allows the printing of the
  Bible and other literature that allowed people to
  read and interpret for themselves.
• The people began to see abuses and wanted higher
  standards for clergy. Reform was demanded.

3
Martin Luther

• Luther is angered over the sale of indulgences.
• In anger he writes the 95 Theses
• Salvation by faith alone
• The Bible is the only authority for Christian
  life not the church
• The priesthood of all believers meaning that all
  people can communicate with God as the priests do

4

• Someone took Luthers ideas and printed them with
  the printing press. The document was spread
  across Germany.
• The church was not happy with Luthers ideas and
  he was asked to recant his beliefs.
• Luther refused and was excommunicated.
• Charles V tried Luther at the Diet of Worms. The
  result was the Edict of Worms which declared him
  a heretic and an outlaw.
• In spite of this, Luthers ideas took hold and
  began to spread across Germany.

5
John Calvin-- Switzerland

• Beliefs
• Everyone is sinful, but God can save you
• Predestination - God knows when you are born
  whether you will be saved or not-- those who are
  saved are called The Elect
• Wanted a theocracy - government ruled by the
  Church
• Followers are known as Calvinists

6
John Knox-- Scotland

• Knox put Calvins ideas into practice. His
  followers overthrew their Catholic Queen (Mary
  Stuart) and set up a working theocracy.
• Followers were known as Presbyterians

7
Henry VIII

• Henry broke from the church when the Pope refused
  to give him a divorce from his wife, Catherine of
  Aragon. Catherine could not produce a male heir
  and Henry wanted to remarry.
• Henry created the Church of England and named
  himself head of the new church.

8
Counter-Reformation(Catholic Reformation)

• Catholics were concerned about Protestants
  leaving the church so they began their own
  reforms. These reforms are called the counter
  reforms because they come in response to the
  Protestants.
• Pope Paul III called a meeting in Trent.
• The Council of Trent decided. . .
• 1. To end the sale of illegal indulgences
• 2. To clarify church rules, practices, and
  beliefs
• 3. To set up more education for priests and
  clergy

9
St. Ignatius of Loyola

• Founded the Society of Jesus
• Members were known as Jesuits.
• The society was run like an army.
• Their mission was to win Protestants back to the
  Catholic Church.