The Cold War and the three worlds

1
The Cold War and the three worlds
2

• During World War 2 allies consist of United
  States, Great Britain the Soviet Union
• Conferences held in Yalta February 1945
• Potsdam
  July/August 1945
• End World War 2 great hope fascism been defeated

3
Post-World War 2

• Soviet economy on its knees whereas US economy
  booming A-bomb/fleet of long-range
  aircraft/imposing navy

4
Post-World War 2

• 4 areas Soviet foreign policy based on
• (1) try and stop US having political advantage of
  nuclear weapons
• (2) try and stop West having any military
  strength in mid Europe
• (3) try and use large army as a deterrent to West
  in Europe
• (4) try and modernize air force/navy

5
Post-World War 2

• Distrust ruled the day neither side trusted the
  other West believing Soviets would keep
  expanding to the west

6
The Cold War

• 5 March 1946 Churchill makes speech at Fulton,
  Missouri
• From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
  Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the
  Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals
  of the ancient states of Central and Eastern
  Europe.

7
Eastern Europe

• Seton Watson and 3 stage salami tactics
• Communist parties in key positions in coalitions
  Ministry of Interior
• Slowly begin to push coalition partners out
• Becoming 1-party state nationalization of
  land/industry constitution changed and similar
  to 1936 Soviet one

8
Eastern Europe

• Reasons
• Swain Moscow wanted buffer states for
• security spreading communism
• distant second
• Gati - Moscow hoped to exploit Eastern
  Europe
• economically

9
Cold War

• 1947 Truman Doctrine
• March 1948 Marshall Plan - 17b from US to help
  rebuild Western Europe
• 29 August 1949 A-bomb replica of fat man

10
Cold War

• April 1949 Atlantic Treaty North Atlantic
  Treaty Organisation (NATO)
• 1949 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
  (CMEA/COMECON)
• 1949 Chinese Revolution

11
Cold War

• McCarthyism in the US
• May 1955 Warsaw Pact created
• October 1957 1st Sputnik launched
• April 1961 Yuri Gargarin in space

12
the three worlds

• 1954 - Malenkov saying thermonuclear war
• unthinkable
• 1955 Austria Treaty
• Khrushchev in Yugoslavia
• Moscow admitting world not bipolar

13
the three worlds

• After World War 2 decolonization taking place
• Moscow begins to take a much greater interest in
  the Third World global outlook
• Cold War competition moves to these new
  independent countries

14
The Non-Aligned Movement

• September 1961 1st meeting in Belgrade 25
  countries
• Concerned accelerating arms race and could lead
  to war
• Strategic political neutrality towards major
  powers

15
The Non-Aligned Movement

• Criteria
• Independent policy based on coexistence of states
  with different political/social systems
• Support for Movements of National Independence
• Not member of multilateral military alliance
  concluded in contest of Great Power conflicts
• If a country has a bilateral military alliance
  with a Great power, or is a member of a regional
  defence pact, the agreement or pact should not be
  one deliberately concluded in the context of
  Great power Conflicts
• If it has conceded military bases to a Foreign
  Power the concession should not have been made in
  the context of Great Power Conflicts

16
Cuban Missile Crisis

• 1 January 1959 victory of the Cuba Revolution
• As Cuban-US relations deteriorate Havanas
  relationship with Moscow improves
• Cuba perfect example of what Moscow hoped to
  achieve in the Third World

17
Cuban Missile Crisis

• Propaganda gold dust Cold War at its height
  due to shared history/geography with US

18
Cuban Missile Crisis

• April 1961 - Bay of Pigs
• Dec 1961 Castro proclaims himself
  Marxist-Leninist
• October 1962 US have spy photos of Soviet
  missile on Cuba

19
Cuban Missile Crisis

• Various different reasons for decision to put
  missiles on Cuba but one most important is
  competition between Moscow Peking
• US 3 options
• (1) invasion
• (2) Trade missiles for those in Turkey
• (3) Quarantine

20
Cuban Missile Crisis

• 28 October agreement reached Soviet missiles
  removed US missile in Turkey promise not too
  invade Cuba

21
Conclusions

• Been Allies during World War 2 due to greater
  evil fascism
• Cold War very quickly after 1945
• (1) ideological reasons (2) mistrust
• World appears to becoming Bipolar - US and
  Soviet Union

22
Conclusions

• Bipolarity shown by NATO Warsaw Pact
• However a third way seems to appear -
• Austria Treaty/ Khrushchev in Yugoslavia
• Decolonization Non-Aligned Movement appears

23
Conclusions

• Various different reasons for Cuban Missile
  Crisis
• Legacy of Cuban Missile Crisis? - been to the
  brink did not want to risk this again