APUSH Ch' 13 and 14

1
APUSH Ch. 13 and 14

• M. Siebert

2
Essential Question
Champion of the Common Man?
KingAndrew?
OR
3
First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815
4
Jacksons Opponents in 1824
Henry ClayKY
John Quincy AdamsMA
John C. CalhounSC
William H. CrawfordGA
5
Results of the 1824 Election
6
1828 Election Results
7
The New Jackson Coalition

• The Planter Elite in the South
• People on the Frontier
• State Politicians spoils system
• Immigrants in the cities.

8
Jacksons Faith in the Common Man

• Intense distrust of Easternestablishment,
  monopolies, special privilege.
• His heart soul was with theplain folk.
• Belief that the common man was capable of
  uncommon achievements.

9
Voter Turnout1824 - 1860
10
Why Increased democratization?

• White male suffrage increased
• Party nominating committees.
• Voters chose their states slate of Presidential
  electors.
• Spoils system.
• Rise of Third Parties.
• Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats,
  etc.)
• Two-party system returned in the 1832 election
• Dem-Reps ? Natl. Reps.(1828) ? Whigs
  (1832) ? Republicans (1854)
• Democrats (1828)

11
The Reign of King Mob
12
Andrew Jackson as President
13
The Peggy Eaton Affair
14
1832 Tariff Conflict

• 1828 --gt Tariff of Abomination
• 1832 --gt new tariff
• South Carolinas reaction?
• Jacksons response?
• Clays Compromise Tariff?

15
Indian Removal

• Jacksons Goal?
• 1830 ? Indian Removal Act
• Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) domestic
  dependent nation
• Worcester v. GA (1832)
• Jackson John Marshall has made his
  decision, now let him enforce it!

16
Indian Removal
17
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
18
The National Bank Debate
PresidentJackson
NicholasBiddle
19
Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
Hard(specie)
Soft(paper)

• felt that coin was the only safecurrency.
• didnt like any bankthat issued banknotes.
• suspicious of expansion speculation.

• state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from
  issuingbank notes freely.
• supported rapid economic growth speculation.

20
The Monster Is Destroyed!

• 1832 ? Jackson vetoed the extension of
  the 2nd National Bank of the
  United States.
• 1836 ? the charter expired.
• 1841 ? the bank went bankrupt!

21
An 1832 Cartoon KingAndrew?
22
1832 Election Results
Main Issue?
23
The Specie Circular (1836)

• buy future federalland only with gold orsilver.

24
Results of the Specie Circular

• Banknotes loose their value.
• Land sales plummeted.
• Credit not available.
• Businesses began to fail.
• Unemployment rose.

The Panic of 1837!
25
The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
26
The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!
27
Transportation Revolution
28
First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA
By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most
major cities.
29
Cumberland (National Road), 1811
30
Erie Canal System
31
Erie Canal, 1820s
Started in 1817 completed in 1825
32
Robert Fulton the Steamboat
1807 The Clermont
33
Clipper Ships
34
The Iron Horse Wins! (1830)
1830 ? 13 miles of track built by Baltimore
Ohio RRBy 1850 ? 9000 mi. of RR track 1860 ?
31,000 mi.
35
TheRailroadRevolution,1850s

• Immigrant laborbuilt the No. RRs.
• Slave laborbuilt the So. RRs.

36
Key New Inventions
37
Eli Whitneys Cotton Gin, 1791
Actually invented by a slave!
38
Eli Whitneys Gun Factory
Interchangeable Parts Rifle
39
John Deere the Steel Plow(1837)
40
Cyrus McCormick the Mechanical Reaper 1831
41
Samuel F. B. Morse
1840 Telegraph
42
Cyrus Field the Transatlantic Cable, 1858
43
Elias Howe Isaac Singer
1840sSewing Machine
44
Samuel Slater(Father of the Factory System)
45
Francis Cabot Lowells town in 1850
46
Lowell Mill
47
Lowell Girls
What was their typical profile?
48
Lowell Boarding Houses
What was boardinghouse life like?
49
Lowell Mills Time Table
50
Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell
51
The Early Union Movement
Workingmans Party (1829) Founded by Robert
Dale Owen and others in New York City.
Early unions were usually local, social, and weak.
Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842).
Worker political parties were ineffective until
the post-Civil War period.
52
Distribution of Wealth

• During the American Revolution,45 of all wealth
  in the top 10 ofthe population.

• 1845 Boston ? top 4 owned over 65 of the
  wealth.

• 1860 Philadelphia ? top 1 owned over 50 of
  the wealth.

• The gap between rich and poor was widening!

53
Regional Specialization
EAST ? Industrial SOUTH ? Cotton Slavery WEST
? The Nations Breadbasket
54
American Population Centers in 1820
55
American Population Centers in 1860
56
National Origin of Immigrants1820 - 1860
Why now?
57
Know-Nothing Party The Supreme Order of the
Star-Spangled Banner
58
Ch. 13 Discussion Questions

• What were the advantages and disadvantages of the
  new politics of mass democracy? Were such things
  as the spoils system, party machines, and
  hoopla-driven campaigns inevitable accompaniments
  of popular democracy, or could the people have
  been mobilized by a more open and less partisan
  system?
• Did John Quincy Adamss cold personality make him
  a less competent president than popular hero
  Andrew Jackson? Why did Americans come to expect
  their presidents to be charismatic men of the
  people as well as skilled political leaders or
  administrators? What American presidents fit
  well into the Jackson mold?

59
Ch. 13 Questions Cont.

• How was Jackson able to make the Bank War such
  an effective symbol of democracy and of his
  presidency? Why were the opponents, like Clay
  and Biddle, unable to counter his appeals, even
  when their arguments appeared to have economics
  and stability on their side?
• What were the causes and consequences of the
  Texas revolt? Why did Texas remain for a time an
  independent nation rather than become a state of
  the Union?
• How did the log-cabin and hard-cider campaign
  of 1840 demonstrate the nature of the two-party
  system in the New Democracy?

60
Ch. 14 Discussion Questions

• How does the image of the frontier compare with
  the reality of pioneer life as described in the
  chapter?
• Why was transportation particularly the canals
  and railroads so important in the early stages
  of industrialization?

61
Ch. 14 Questions Cont.

• Which technological innovation was most important
  for early-nineteenth-century economic
  development?
• What effects did the movement from a subsistence
  to a market economy have on American society,
  including farmers, laborers, and women? What
  were the advantages and disadvantages of the
  change?