APUSH Review

1
APUSH Review

• Colonial America

2
First European Contact with Native Americans
Iroquois Confederacy Political language
differences hindered Native Americans as they
attempted to respond to the threat posed by the
European colonists Iroquois were the most
important powerful Native American political
alliance. Successfully ended generations of
tribal warfare.
Trade and Columbian Exchange Exchange of foods,
plants, animals diseases between Europeans and
Natives Native Americans who interacted with the
English became dependent on the fur
trade Smallpox, influenza and measles decimated
the Native population
3
Similarities Differences between Native
Americans English settlers

• Differences
• Natives dont share English concept of private
  property
• Native children are often part of mothers clan
  (matrilineal)

• Similarities
• Both live in village communities
• Both sense strong sense of spirituality
• Both divide labor by gender
• Both depend on agricultural economies

4
Plantation Colonies

• Virginia Colony
• Joint Stock Company
• Primary goal to make profit
• Religious motivation was much less important than
  in founding of Maryland (Catholic), Pennsylvania
  (Quakers), Rhode Island (freedom of religion) and
  Massachusetts (Puritans)
• Tobacco made Chesapeake colonies survive
• By mid 1700s tobacco is the most valuable cash
  crop produced in Southern states

5
Plantation Colonies Growth of Slavery

• From Servitude to Slavery in the Chesapeake
  Region 1607-1690
• Indentured servants played key role in the growth
  of tobacco system in VA MD. Chief source of
  agricultural labor
• Planters in VA MD used the headright system
  to encourage importation of indentured servants.
  Pay passage-get 50 addtl acres
• Number of slaves increased dramatically in the
  last quarter of the 17th century
• Slave labor in colonial VA spread rapidly in the
  late 17th century as Blacks displaced white
  indentured servants

6
Bacons Rebellion

• Exposed tensions between the former indentured
  servants, who were poor, and the gentry (planter
  class) who were rich
• Planters became more suspicious of their former
  indentured servants turned to slaves as more
  reliable sources of labor

7
Growth of Plantation Economies Slave Societies
1690-1754

• Slavery developed spread because the
  cultivation of tobacco required inexpensive labor
• Slavery legally established in all 13 colonies by
  the early 1700s
• Although enslaved, Africans maintained cultural
  practices brought from Africa
• Rice was the most important crop grown in SC
  during the mid 18th century
• Stono Rebellion 1739- was one of the earliest
  known acts of rebellion against slavery in
  America-SC slaves tried to flee to Spanish FL

8
Puritans

• Key Facts
• Came to New England in family groups to escape
  religious restrictions, political repression and
  an economic recession
• Leader was John Winthrop
• Lived in small villages surrounded by farmland
• Close relationship between church state
• Wanted trained ministry

9
Puritans and City on the Hill

• Model Christian society with a sense of mission
• Strict moral conduct
• Religious freedom?- did not tolerate religious
  dissent- kicked out Roger Williams and Anne
  Hutchinson
• HINT- APUSH writers admire dissidents think you
  should know them too.
• Half way covenantPuritan zeal lessens. Eases
  church membership requirements allows baptism
  of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans

10
First Great Awakening

• KEY POINTS!
• Took form of wave of religious revivals that
  began in New England in the 1730s
• New Light ministers advocated an emotional
  approach to religious practice. This weakens the
  authority of traditional Old Light ministers
  and established churches

• New Light ministers
• Promoted growth of New Light institutions
  (Princeton)
• Sparked renewed missionary spirit that led to the
  conversion of many slaves
• Led to greater appreciation for the emotional
  experiences of faith
• Led to divisions within both the Presbyterian and
  Congregational churches, resulting in religious
  diversity
• Led to growing popularity of itinerant ministers
• Led to increase in number of women in church
  congregations

HINT- Dont forget about the First Great
Awakening- has appeared on 5 of the last 6
released exams. Close attention to the
consequences of the First Great Awakening.
11
Penn Quakers

• William Penn
• Liberal colony w/ representative assembly elected
  by landowners
• Freedom of religion

• Quakers
• Pacifists- carried no guns
• Advocated freedom of worship greater role for
  women in services
• Opposed slavery first abolotionists