APUSH History

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APUSH History

• Chapter 5 Colonial Society on the Eve of
  Revolution, 1700-1775

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• 1. How did the population growth in the
  eventually rebellious colonies compare with
  Englands?
• 1700 Less than 300,000 colonists
• About 20,000 of them black
• 20 English citizens per colonist
• 1775 2.5 million colonists
• 500,000 of them black
• 3 English citizens per colonist ? Political
  ramifications?
• Average age 16
• 400,000 whites 400,000 blacks ? immigrated
• Doubling every 25 years
• 90 lived in rural areas
• Four most populous colonies (in order)
• 1. Virginia 2. Massachusetts 3. Pennsylvania 4.
  North Carolina
• Four most populous cities (only cities that
  existed)
• 1. Philadelphia 2. New York 3. Boston 4.
  Charleston
• Phila. 34, 000 citizens, including suburbs

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• 2. What ethnicities contributed to the mosaic of
  the thirteen colonies?
• Non-Anglican whites made up 15 of populations
• Two biggest Germans Scots-Irish
• French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews,
  Irish, Swiss, Scots Highlanders ? Made up rest
• 20 of overall populations Africans
• South ? Mixture of black white cultures
• New England ? Least ethnic diversity
• Middle colonies ? Mixture of European, white
  cultures
• Paxton Boys Regulators

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• Scots-Irish 7 of population
• Moved from Scottish lowlands to Northern Ireland
• To escape British control
• Concentrated on PAs western frontier ? Why?
• Quakers Germans already had most of eastern PA
• Experience as colonizers great frontiersmen
• Engaged in violence with Indians
• Resistant to most forms of government, especially
  British
• Germans 6 of population
• Fled war, economic oppression, religious
  persecution
• Mostly Protestant
• Concentrated in PA wilderness
• No loyalty to British crown ? Clung to German
  customs

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• 3. 1600s social hierarchy vs 1700s vs Old World

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• 4. What was the leading industry in
  eighteenth-century America? What other industries
  were important?
• Agriculture was leading industry
• 90 of colonists farmed
• Probably highest standard of living in the world
  at that time
• Fishing whaling
• Huge throughout all colonies
• Cod fishing ? Big in New England
• Stimulated ship building industry
• Manufacturing slowly developed ? Why?
• Commercial ventures through triangular trade

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• Atlantic sea-board colonies became very valuable
  to English empire
• Population growth agricultural exports
• Caused economic, political, cultural shift in
  relationship
• Colonies increased profits by selling to France
  West Indies, as well as, England
• Dependency on English culture faded
• Heading for a conflict
• Schools colleges emerged

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• 5. How did the Great Awakening influence religion
  in America?
• Anglican Congregational churches losing support
• Great Awakening influences
• New styles of preaching invigorated congregations
• Jonathan Edwards Scare tactics
• George Whitefield Human weakness vs.
  omnipotence of God
• Old light vs. new light controversy
• Sparked new denomination even schools
• 1st American mass movement
• Broke through sectional denominational lines

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George Whitefield
Americans of both genders and all races and
regions were spellbound by Whitefields emotive
oratory.
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• 6. Who are some of America noteworthy artists
  and writers from the eighteenth century?
• Famous painters
• John Trumbull
• Charles Willson Peale
• Benjamin West
• John Singleton Copley
• Writers poets
• Phyllis Wheatley Poet Slave girl educated in
  England
• Benjamin Franklin Poor Richards Almanack
• Freedom of speech doctrine supported by New York
  judges in famous Zenger case
• Winning lawyer Alexander Hamilton

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The Magnetic Dispensary, ca. 1790
This British painting made sport of the eras
faddish preoccupations with electricity.
Following Franklins experiments, static
electricity, generated here by the machine on the
right, was employed for medicinal purposes as
well as for tingling entertainments
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• 7. How were the colonial governments similar and
  different, and how influential was England in
  colonial governance?
• Each colony had a governor
• 8 colonies had royal governor appointed by king
• MD, PA, DE governor chosen by proprietors
• CT RI Elected own governor
• Some governors capable Other appointed as favors
• Colonies could exert power over govs by voting
  not to pay them until they agreed to colonial
  wishes
• Most colonies had two-body legislation
• Upper house Appointed by king, proprietors, or
  voters
• Lower house Elected by property-owning men
• Backcountry communities severely underrepresented
• Direct representatives ? Self-taxation

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• Local level government differed by section
• South County government ruled
• New England town meeting with open discussion
  voting
• Middle Modification of both systems
• Voting restricted by religious property req.s
• Stricter restriction to hold office
• Upper class attempted to control right to vote
• Colonies more democratic than all Europe through
• Tolerance
• Educational advantages
• Economic opportunity
• Freedom of speech, press, assembly
• Representative government