Classification of Angiosperms

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Classification of Angiosperms

• The Flowering Plants

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Two Major Groups

• Monocots
• Single cotyledon
• Parallel veins
• Flowers in multiples of 3s
• Dicots
• Two cotyledons
• Netted veins
• Flowers in multiples of 2, 4 or 5

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Monocot and Dicot plant
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FRUITS

• SIMPLE
• Dry (poppy seed, milkweed, wheat)
• Fleshy (peach, plumb, apple, tomato, grape)
• AGGREGRATE
• Flowers with several carpels
• Raspberry, strawberry
• MULTIPLE
• Cluster of flowers
• Pineapple

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Simple, aggregrate and multiple fruit
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SEED STRUCTURES

• Micropyle
• Opening through which the pollen tube grows to
  deliver pollen to the ovary (ovules)
• Plumule
• Epicotyl embryonic leaves
• First leaves to emerge during germination
• Hypocotyl
• Stem like area between radicle and cotyledon

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SEED STRUCTURES (2)

• Radicle
• Embryonic root
• First to emerge from the seed during germination
• Cotyledon
• Fleshy part of the seed food storage for plant
  embryo until germination
• Hilum
• Seed scar where seed was attached to the ovary
  wall
• Seed Coat
• Covers and protects the seed during dormancy

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Typical Seed
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Germination

• Dormancy
• Allows seed to germinate when conditions are
  favorable
• How do you know germination has occurred?
• Radicle emerges
• Leaves
• Photosynthesis begins
• Cotyledons no longer needed

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Factors that Trigger Germination

• Water
• Oxygen
• Temperature
• Light
• Fire
• Freezing temps.
• Animal digestive tract
• Hormones

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Plant Hormones

• Auxins
• Regulate plant growth

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Hormones (2)

• Cytokinins
• Promotes cell division (roots and stems)
• Gibberellins
• Promote growth
• Stimulate germination
• Abscisic Acid
• Inhibits growth of buds and germination
• Ethylene
• Gas that stimulates ripening of fruits

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Hormones (3)

• Oligosaccharins
• Regulate growth and development
• Defense against disease

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TROPISM

• Plant movement towards or away from a stimuli
• EXAMPLES
• Phototropism (light)
• Thigmotropism (touch)
• Gravitropism (gravity)
• Chemotropism (chemical/hormones)
• Hydrotropism (water)

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THE FLOWER

• The reproductive structure for the flowering
  plant
• Perfect Flowers
• Both stamens and carpels present
• Self or cross pollination
• Imperfect Flowers
• Either stamens or carpels present
• Cross pollination only

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Female Reproductive Parts

• Essential
• Carpel
• Pistil (fused carpels)
• Stigma, style, ovary
• Stigma
• Sticky to trap pollen
• Style
• Tube from stigma to ovary
• Ovary
• Holds the ovules

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Female Flower Parts
C A R P E L
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Male Reproductive Parts

• Essential
• Stamen
• Male reproductive part
• Anther and filament
• Anther
• Produces pollen
• Filament
• Supports the anther

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Male Flower Parts
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Nonessential Flower Parts

• Petal
• Attract pollinators
• Top whorl
• Sepal
• Protect developing flower
• Bottom whorl
• Corolla
• Both whorls

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Nonessential Flower Parts
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Flowers