BTS

1
BTS Devices - I

• Detection, Monitoring, and Protection

2
Device Functionalities

• Detection
• X-ray machines, and Penetration devices
• Non-intrusive devices
• Radars
• Sensor nodes
• Cameras
• Monitoring
• Surveillance cameras
• Sensor networks
• Physical Protection
• Vehicle stopping systems

3
Micro Impulse Radar (MIR)

• Cheap, small, low-power ultra-wideband radar
  device
• Developed by Lawrence Livermore National
  Laboratory (LLNL)
• Applications
• Concrete penetrating radar
• Many feet into concrete/rubble
• Used in WTC
• Can be configured for range detection and
  keep-out zone security

4
MIR Technology

• Uses an impulse of radio signal
• Peak power much higher than the average
• Ultra-wideband spectrum (several GHz wide)
• More sensitive in gauging distance and object
  properties compared to traditional radars
• Claims to detect stealth-aircraft with details on
  the edges

5
MIR Security Applications

• Locating buried or hidden objects such as
  landmines and unexploded ordnance
• Discovering subterranean tunnels for human
  infiltration or smuggling
• Micro-Air Vehicles (MAV)
• New class aircrafts with target dimensions lt 6in
  in any direction
• Military applications, reconnaissance,
  surveillance of inner cities, communication
  relays
• Use UWB radars for stringent response time
  requirements, parameter control, range locking,
  low power and small size

6
Radar Flashlight

• Uses narrow 16-degree radar beam (FCC approved
  band)
• To detect people behind closed doors and other
  obstructions
• Useful to police (ambush situations and such)
• For monitoring vital signs without having to
  remove protective clothing
• Will not work on water or metal

7
Baggage Screening Technologies

• Computed tomography (CT)
• X-ray scanning
• Stoichiometric detectors
• Ultrasonic and thermal imaging
• Gamma-ray imaging

8
CT and X-Ray Machines

• Technology borrowed from medical field
• Approved products form InVision Technologies and
  L-3 Technologies
• How it works
• Produces a scan projection
• Computer decides which other slices need to be
  taken by the rotating X-ray source
• If a match with explosive objects, flag it (EDS)
• Cannot really identify the chemical composition
• 17-30 false positive rate (Chocolate, jam etc.
  present similar density characteristics as
  explosives)

9
Complementary Technologies for CT

• QR sensors
• Sends magnetic signals and collect the response
  to determine target characteristics
• Range is only 2 inches, not good for checked in
  baggage

10
Stoichiometric Detection (SD)

• Deciphering of the chemical formulas of unknown
  substances
• Non-intrusive technology to retrieve the chemical
  formula and 3D image of explosives from a 3 ft
  distance
• Developed by HiEnergy technologies
• Related physics is called Atometry

11
SD (contd)

• How it works
• The target is irradiated with fast neutrons
  tagged with alpha particles
• Neutrons, in turn, cause the agents to emit
  prompt gamma rays back to the 'SuperSenzor
• Electronically processing the alpha and gamma
  signals, formulas are obtained revealing the
  atomic proportions of carbon, nitrogen, and
  oxygen(key elements for deciphering explosives
  and organic compounds)

12
Thermal Imaging

• Captures heat emitted by objects
• Warmer objects irradiates more than cooler
  objects
• Advantages
• Vision at night without any ambient light (ie.
  stars, moon)
• Excellent resolution compared to night vision
  devices
• See through smoke and gases
• Completely passive (provide user with imagery
  withoutannouncing to intruders that they are
  being monitored)

13
Gamma-Ray Imaging

• Used for detecting nuclear weapons
• Can detect weak radioactive sources that would
  otherwise be hidden by the natural background of
  gamma-ray emissions
• Can remotely survey large areas and individual
  objects for GR emissions and produce 3D images
• Two types
• GRIS GR imaging spectrometer
• Compton Camera

14
Off Track!
15
Vehicle Stopping System (VSS)

• To stop port-runners
• Better than tire shredding
• 65 mph and above speeds
• Net the driver and passengers
• Demo

16
Truck Stopping Device

• Attached to the back of a truck
• Triggered by highway patrol
• Keeps hijacked trucks from becoming motorized
  missiles
• Demo