Chapter 2, Section 3

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Chapter 2, Section 3

• The Egyptian Empire

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• A new dynasty of pharaohs came to power, moved
  their capital to Thebes and restored order and
  stability. This brought about a new period
  called.
• THE MIDDLE KINGDOM
• 2050 B.C. to 1670 B.C.

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ACHIEVEMENTS DURINGTHE MIDDLE KINGDOM

• Egypt took control of new lands including Nubia
  and what is now Syria.
• Pharaohs added more waterways and dams which
  increased farming.
• Built a canal between the Nile River
• and Red Sea.

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MORE MIDDLE KINGDOM ACHIEVEMENTS

• Arts, literature and architecture blossomed.
• Instead of building pyramids, pharaohs had their
  tombs cut into cliffs west of the Nile River.
  This area became known as the Valley of the
  Kings.

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End of Middle Kingdom

• Ended in 1670 B.C. when the Hyksos, from Western
  Asia attacked Egypt.
• Hyksos were mighty warriors who came in
  horse-drawn chariots and had weapons made of
  bronze and iron.
• Hyksos ruled Egypt for about 120 years.

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THE NEW KINGDOM1550 B.C. 1080 B.C.

• An Egyptian prince named Ahmose led and uprising
  that drove the Hyksos out of Egypt and the New
  Kingdom began.
• Egypt became very rich and powerful during the
  New Kingdom.

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Hatshepsut

• A queen who came to power in 1473 B.C.
• After her husbands death she made herself
  pharaoh.
• One of the few women to rule Egypt.

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Hatshepsuts Reign

• More interested in trade than conquest.
• Egyptians often traded with the Phoenicians. The
  Phoenicians had furniture and wood that the
  Egyptians needed. In return, Egyptians traded
  wheat, paper, gold, copper and tools.

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Thutomose III

• When Hatshepsut died, her nephew Thutmose III
  became pharaoh.
• He expanded Eygpts borders, and his empire grew
  rich from trade.
• During his reign, Egypt enslaved many prisoners
  of war. Slavery became common during the New
  Kingdom.

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Amenhotep

• Came to the throne in 1370 B.C.
• Introduced a new religion in an attempt to
  maintain power of the pharaohs.
• New religion directed Egyptians to worship only
  one god called Aton.
• Priests resisted this religion so Amenhotep took
  away their titles, closed their temples, etc.

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Amenhotep

• Amenhotep then changed his name to Akhenaton,
  which means Spirit of Aton
• While Akhenaton became obssessed with this new
  religion, most Egyptians rejected it.
• Akhenaton was not a strong pharaoh and during his
  rule lost most of his lands in Western Asia to
  the Hittites, which greatly shrunk the Egyptian
  empire.

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Tutankhamen

• After Akhenaton died, his son-in-law inherited
  the throne.
• Tutankhamen was only 10 years old when he became
  king.
• Under the advice of palace officials and priests
  King Tut restored Egypts old religion.
• He died after only 9 years of rule.

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Tutankhamens Tomb

• King Tut, the boy king, played only a small part
  in Egypts history.
• He is very famous because his tomb was discovered
  by a British archaeologist, Howard Carter, in
  1922.
• It was one tomb that had not yet been looted by
  robbers and contained the kings mummy and
  incredible treasures.

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What King Tut looked like based on 3-D X-rays
scans of his corpse!!