(4-2a Notes) Colonial Tension Leads to War

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(4-2a Notes)Colonial Tension Leads to War

• Actions and Reactions
• http//www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/
  boston-tea-party/videos/boston-massacre?m528e394d
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Reveres Engraving of the Boston Massacre

• "The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street
  Boston on March 5th, 1770" by Paul Walker
  (17351818), engraving by Paul Revere,
  hand-colored, 1770.
• Who was the 1st martyr of the American Revolution?

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• Read textbook account on page 105.
• Why is this event called a massacre?

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Action - The Gaspee Affair (June 1772)

• Two years of peace after Boston Massacre
• British custom ships were diligently patrolling
  for smugglers
• Gaspee ran aground off RI
• Colonists looted burned it!
• Little Resistance
• Lt. shot wounded

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British Reaction

• King furious!
• Set up commission to investigate
• searched for suspects
• Tried in England
• No jury of peers

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Results in Colonies

• RI sends letter to other colonies appealing for
  help
• Jefferson suggests Committees of Correspondence
  (1773) Letters sent between colonies alerting
  colonies of events taking place.
• A major step toward Colonial unity
• colonies could coordinate actions toward British

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British Action - Tea Act (1773)

• New Prime Minister North
• Bail out East India Tea Company (bankrupt)
• boycott had hurt business
• colonists were smuggling cheaper Dutch tea
• surplus of tea

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Provisions of Tea Act

• Sell tea in colonies w/out tax
• sell direct
• bypass merchants - Colonists
• tea would be cheapest tea in colonies
• Colonists outraged!! Tea must not be allowed to
  land!
• Committees of Correspondence got the word out

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Colonial Reaction - Boston Tea Party (Dec. 1773)

• Philadelphia NY sent ships w/tea back
• Charles Town stored it in a warehouse
• Bostons action most dramatic
• http//www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/
  boston-tea-party/videos/the-sons-of-liberty-and-th
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Boston Dumped It!

• 100 Sons of Liberty Others
• dressed like indians w/axes and hatchets
• smashed crates/dumped tea in harbor

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British Action - Coercive Acts, AKA - The
Intolerable Acts(1774)

• Given this term by colonists (propaganda)
• 1- shut down Boston Harbor
• 2-appointed Gen. Gage as Mass. Governor
• 3- Mass. Under martial law
• 4- must house soldiers in private vacant homes

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Results of Intolerable Acts

• Unfairly singled out Massachusetts
• only drew colonies closer together

General Thomas Gage of Mass.
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Colonial Reaction - 1st Continental Congress
(Sep. 1774)

• 11 colonies represented (GA did not)
• 55 delegates
• in Philadelphia
• Moderates Radicals
• All opposed Intolerable Acts
• Moderates - compromise is possible
• Radicals - Its time to fight!
• Put off uniting under one Gov.

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Accomplishments of 1st Continental Congress

• Drew up a Declaration of Rights Grievances
• Formed Continental Assc. To enforce boycotts
• Set date for next meeting one year later (May
  1775)

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Colonial Action - 1st Battles

• Colonists had been gathering weapons
• secretly preparing to fight
• Gov. Gage ordered 700 Br. Troops to Concord
• to seize arsenal Why do you think they felt
  this was necessary?

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Minutemen were Prepared!

• Sons of Liberty had been watching Br. Army in
  Boston
• when army moved, riders rode out to warn
  minutemen
• warned Rev. Leaders to escape
• Paul Revere William Dawes, Dr. Samuel Prescott

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Lexington Concord (Apr. 1775)

• 70 minutemen in Lexington (1st Battle of
  Revolution)
• 4-15 minute battle
• 8 minutemen killed/9 wounded/1 Br. Soldier
  wounded
• On to Concord
• arsenal empty
• 400 Militia at North Bridge
• Br. lined up to march back to Boston (retreat)

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Huge Colonial Victory

• 3000 - 4000 Minutemen hid along road from
  Lexington back to Boston
• ambushed Redcoats from behind cover
• picked them off easily
• Br. Lost 99, 174 wounded
• 49 Colonists lost
• War Had Begun!
• the shot heard round the world Emerson
• Militia gathered from all over to fight British
  in Boston

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Read Textbook Account Pg. 110

• Who fired 1st Shot?
• Did colonists stand their ground or disperse?
• How many Minutemen?

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Analyze Primary Source Doc. A -Barker Diary Entry

• Date Written?
• Do you think he actually wrote it on day of
  battle?
• What can we guess about their physical condition
  as they approached Lexington?
• How many Minutemen does he say are there?
• Who does he say fired first?
• Why might he be dishonest?
• Why does it mater?

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Analyze Primary Source Doc. B -Sworn Testimony
to Justice of Peace

• Answer Lexington Discovery Guide

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Engraving by Amos Doolittle - 1775
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Henry Sandham - 1886
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Compare Images

• Which Image is more accurate based on our reading
  of these documents?
• Why would the Post Office print a stamp of the
  Sandham painting in 1925 1975?
• Do you think its irresponsible of the Post
  Office to commission such a stamp?

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2nd Continental Congress (May 1775)

• 1st Colonial Gov.
• organized the Colonial Army - the militia
• Appointed Washington as Commander-in-chief
  General
• printed paper money to pay troops
• dealt with foreign nations
• John Hancock presided

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Moderates vs. Militants

• Try peaceful reconciliation with Britain
• led by John Dickinson, Penn.
• Moderates drafted Olive Branch Petition
• Last effort at peace with Britain
• King rejected it!

• Fight for Independence!
• led by John Adams, Boston lawyer, Sam Adamss
  cousin

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Battle of Bunker Hill (for Boston) June 1775

• Br. Surrounded by militia
• reinforcements arrive to rescue trapped Br.
• Colonists warned, dug in on Breeds Hill
• Redcoats march in lines up hill
• w/heavy packs
• colonists turned back two waves
• fired at 50 yds. (quote pg.131)
• third Br. Advance successful
• colonists out of ammo.

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Deadliest Battle of War

• Results
• Colonists lost 311
• Br. Lost 1000
• built Am. Confidence
• stood up to one of the worlds most feared armies
• Gen. Gage resigned (his wife may have been
  informing colonists)
• Gen. Howe replaced him
• stalemate, Br. Still trapped in Boston

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Rebellion Forces a choice, Loyalist or Patriot?

• Also Called Tories
• against Parliament loyal to king
• usually tied to king (judges, councilors,
  governors)
• plain, modest, rural people
• felt Britain would win
• Believed crown could protect them more than new
  gov.
• Native Americans
• slaves - Br. Promised freedom

• Patriots
• Looking for profits
• all classes of people
• Germans in Penn.
• Urban people mostly
• planters, lawyers
• 1/2 of population - also a Civil War
• many who were neutral

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Tarring Feathering Loyalists

• Effigies were also burned
• Loyalists' property was vandalized and looted
• They were harassed and publicly humiliated

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Was it Rebellion or Revolution?

• What could British have done to soothe relations?
• Sons of Liberty Propaganda were instrumental!

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Key People

• Patrick Henry
• Virginia lawyer
• Famous words essential to Patriot cause
• "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be
  purchased at the price of chains and slavery? I
  know not what course others may take, but as for
  me, give me liberty, or give me death!"

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Sam Adams of Boston

• Political Agitator
• Organized Sons of Liberty in Boston
• Instigated Boston Tea Party
• Spread propaganda through pamphlets
• Revolution might not have happened without him!

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Paul Revere

• Talented, Boston silversmith and engraver
• Also worked as a dentist
• Became involved with Sons of Liberty
• Spread patriotic messages through his engravings

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A Colonial Spy Rider

• Listen, my children, and you shall hear Of the
  midnight ride of Paul Revere, On the eighteenth
  of April, in Seventy-Five Hardly a man is now
  alive Who remembers that famous day and year
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
• Poem written 40 years after Reveres death (1861)
• During his life few knew of his ride
• Other riders ignored
• Inaccuracies in poem

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His Boston Home and Revere in later years.