???? Industrial Revolution

1
???????
?????
?????
????
????
????
??????
????????
????
????
1940
2000
1890
1776
2
???? Industrial Revolution

• ???18?????
• ????????,??????
• ??????????????????
• ???????????,?????????,?????????,??????,???????????
  ?????,?????????
• ????????????????????

3
?????

• ??.???18???????,???????????????
• ???? ??????????.
• ???? ?????????????.
• ????,??????
• ????????

4
??????????????????????
???200?/?
???48,000?/10? 4,800?/?
24?

• ?????????????????????

5
???? Division of labor

• 1776???????The Wealth of Nation
• ???????????????????????
• ????????????????
• ???????????????
• ??????????????
• ???????????

6
Chart9-1
7
??.???Charles Babbage(1792-1871)

• ??????????????
• ????,??????????
• ???,????????????????
• ???????????????
• ??????????????????
• ?????????,??????????
• ?????? ???????????????????????????????
• ???20????????????

8
????

• ??????????(Frederick Winslow Taylor)?????,
  ??????
• 1911??????????????????????????
• ??20?????????????????

9
?????????

• ??????????,??????12.5?
• ???????48????,?????200
• ????????????
• ???????
• ????????,???????????????
• ????????????,??????????
• ??????????????????,????50??,?????????????

10
UPS vers FedEx

• ????????

11
?? L ?? Henry L Gantt

• ????????????
• ????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• 1916??????1919????
• ????????????? (Gantt chart)
• ?????????????????

12
??????? Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

• ?????????
• ?????????????
• ????????18????????4?
• ????????18????2?
• ?????????????????????
• ?????????????????,??????17??????,?????????(therbli
  gs)

13
???????

• ???????
• ???????
• ??????
• ???????
• ???????????????

14
???????

• ????
• ???????
• ??????
• ????
• ???????,?????????,?????????????????
• ??????????????

15
?? ??????

• ???????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????(??????)
• ??14????? (Principle of
  Management)
• ?????????

16
????14?????

• ????Division of Labor
• ??????????,????
• ?????Authority and Responsibility
• ?????????????,?????
• ??Discipline
• ??????????????
• ????Unity of Command
• ???????????????????
• ????Unity of Direction
• ????????????????

17
????14?????

• ??Remuneration of Personnel
• ????????????
• ?????????? General interest over individual
  interest
• ??Centralization
• ?????????????
• ???Line of Authority
• ??????????,???????????????
• ??Order
• ?????????????

18
????14?????

• ??Equity
• ????????????????
• ?????Stability of Tenure
• ????????????????,????????????????
• ????initiative
• ??????????????
• ????Esprit de corps
• ???????????

19
??? ?????

• ??????(Bureaucracy)???????
• ?????????????????????????????,????????????(???????
  ?????)
• ?????????,????????,??????????????????
• ??????????????????

20
??????????????

• ?????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ?????????????????,??????????????
• ???????????????????,???????????????????????

21
??????(??????)Human resources approach

• ????????????????????
• ??????????????,??????????????

22
????????? ??

• ?????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• 1825??????????????,???????????????????,???????????

23
???????? ?????

• ??????????
• 1913?????????
• ????????????????????
• ?????????????????,???????
• ???????????????????????,???????????????????

24
???????? ?? ???

• ????????????
• ???????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????,??????????????

25
????????? ???

• ?????????????????????
• 1938??????
• ?????????,??????????,???????,?????????????,???????
  ??????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????(Acceptance view of authority)???????????
  ????

26
???? Hawthorne Studies

• 1924?,?????(Elton Mayo)
• ?????
• ???????????
• ?????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????,????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????

27
?????? Human Relations Movement

• ?????(Dale Carnegie)
• ????????????????
• ???????(Abraham Maslow)
• ????????
• ????????(Douglas Mccregor)
• ?????????????X???Y??
• ??????????????????????

28
??????? Behavioral science theorists

• ???????????????????????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• ????????
• ??????????,?????

29
???????????

• ??????????????????????
• ??????(Human resource approach)???????????????,???
  ?????????????

30
???? Quantitative approach

• ?????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ??????????????????,??????????

31
?????
Output Stage
Conversion Stage
Input Stage
Sales of outputs Firm can then buy inputs
32
Systems between org. env.
Environment
System
Transformation
Outputs
Inputs
Raw materials Human resources Capital Technology
Information
Products services Financial results Information
Human results
Employees work activities Management
activities Technology and operations methods
Environment
33
??????Organization-Environment Theory

• ?????????????,??????????????
• ??????????
• ?? Opportunities????????
• ?? Threats ??????????
• ?????????????(SWOT??)????,???????

34
???? Strategy competition

• ?????70???,???????????????????????,???????????????
  ??,????????????
• ????????????????????????????????,???????
• ??????????????

35
????

• ????
• ?????? SBUs
• Strategy Business Units
• ????????BCG
• Boston Consulting Group
• ??????
• Cumulative Leaning curve
• ????
• Competitive strategy

36
????? Japan Style

• 1980s
• ??????(TQM)Total Quality Management
• ???? (JIT) Just-in-Time
• ?? KANBAN
• Z?? Z-Theory
• ?????? 6-? Management

37
????? Learning Organization

• ?????? ERP
• Enterprise Resource Planning
• ?????? BPR
• Business Process Reengineering
• ???? Virtual Organization
• ???? Accelerate learning
• ?? EI-Emotion Intelligence
• ?????? Neurolinguistic programming

38
???? Process Approach

• ????
• ???????????????
• 1961?12?,?????(Harold Koontz)????????????????????
  ??
• ?????????????????????,?????????????
• ??????????????????,?????????????????????

39
???? Systems Approach

• ???????????????????????????
• ????(Closed systems)???????????????
• ????( Open systems )?????????????
• ????????????????
• ??????????,?????????????????????????????????????
  ??,????????????????????????

40
??
??
??
?? ???? ?? ??
??
???? ??? ?? ??
?? ????? ?? ??
??
????
41
???? Contingency Approach

• ???????????,????????????????????,????????????,????
  ???????
• ????????
• ????
• ????????
• ???????
• ????
• ?????????!

42
???!
Freedom!