The Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution

• 1750ish-1850ish
• The shift from making goods by hand to making
  them by machine!

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• Causes of the I-Rev in England
• 1. Agricultural Revolution
• 2. Capital
• 3. Natural Resources
• 4. Governmental support
• 5. An Abundance of Markets

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1. The Agricultural Revolution

• the population got bigger, but people didnt need
  to farm. They could work somewhere else. Where?
• 2. Food was cheaper, so people had more to
  spend on manufactured goods.

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2. Capital

• 1. Cottage Industry merchants/entrepreneurs made
  money, which he could invest later. How could he
  make more money?
• Effects
• Big profits for new class of merchants
  (mercers)who could parlay this into new
  investments (factories,etc)
• Interesting fact of 110 cotton mills in the
  Midlands, England in the late 19th-c, 62 were
  founded by cottage industry participants.

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3. Natural Resources--Especially Iron and Coal

• 1. Iron was needed for farming tools, new factory
  machines and steam engines.
• 2. Henry Cort developed a process for developing
  higher quality iron (puddling)
• 3. Smelting iron made it more pure. It turns
  iron into steel, which is much stronger. The
  Bessemer Process made smelting iron very fast.

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• 4. In order to smelt iron you need carbon, which
  is found in coal. Coal also powered the steam
  engines.
• 5. Britain produced more iron and coal than the
  rest of the world.

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4. Government support--Transportation

• 1. Since they made a lot of stuff, they needed to
  move it.
• 2. They first made MacAdam asphalt roads.
• 3. Then they invented canals to move things
  around by water.

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4. Govt Support -Transportation

• 1. Since they made a lot of stuff, they needed to
  move it.
• 2. They first made MacAdam asphalt roads.
• 3. Then they invented canals to move things
  around by water.

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• 4. Finally, the railroad train was invented.
  Stephensons Rocket went 29 miles per hour (dont
  believe your book) in 1829. Thats fast.
• 5. In 1830 there were 70 miles of railroad by
  1870 there were 15,000! Wow! Say it!

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5. An Abundance of Markets

• 1. Plenty of places to sell manufactured goods.

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Why Britain led the Industrial Revolution

• 1. Lots of people were there to work in
  factories. (Ag. Revolution and enclosure
  movement)
• 2. Plenty of capital was available to be
  invested by entrepreneurs.
• 3. Natural resources abounded
• 4. The government supported factories and
  transportation. It helped businesses.
• 5. Britain had control of a lot of colonies, thus
  an abundance of markets
• 6. Additionally, Britain was separated from the
  continent. No one else could copy.
• Basically, Britain had all the Factors of
  Production. What are they?

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The New Technology
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• The cottages couldnt keep up with the demand for
  textiles (things made of cloth).
• Look how slow shes going!

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Textile Industry and the Factory System

• NEW INVENTIONS
• 1. James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny and Richard
  Arkwrights Water Frame birthed Samuel Cromptons
  spinning mule, thus improving the spinning
  (making thread) of yarn.

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• 3. The Power Loom, invented by Edmund Cartwright
  in 1785, improved the weaving process.
• 4. The cotton gin separated seeds from cotton,
  thus more cotton could be grown (2.5 million
  pounds imported in 1760, 366 million pounds in
  1840).
• 5. The big machines (power loom and spinning mule
  ) couldnt fit in houses, so they were put in big
  buildings factories.

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• 6. Factories made things faster and cheaper than
  people could in their own cottages.
• 7. Thus many people had to leave their cottages
  and work in the factories. In 1815 there were
  250,000 cottage weavers in 1860 there were
  3,000.
• 8. Peasants from the country also moved to the
  cities to work in factories.

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The Steam Engine Energy Needed for the
Industrial Revolution.

• 1. Factories needed power. They first used water
  and horse power, but that didnt work well.
• 2. James Watt perfected the Steam engine. Steam
  that moves from a high pressure to a low pressure
  makes energy
• 3. Factories could now work with steam engines,
  and they could be anywhere! )
• 4. In order to have a steam engine, you need fire
  (to make the water boil) and for fire you need
  wood or coal

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Great Britain vs. Continent

• 1. Continent lagged behind because of.
• Lack of roads, less enterprising, toll stations
  and
• Napoleon!
• Lack of technological knowledge

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Great Britain vs. Continent

• 1. Continent lagged behind because of.
• Lack of roads, less enterprising, toll stations
  and
• Napoleon!
• Lack of technological knowledge

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Differences (Great Britain vs. Continent)

• 1. Actively involved governments--schools,
  training, railroads
• 2. Tariffs to protect against competition
• Friedrich List, National System and Political
  Economy (1844)
• 3. Large role of joint-stock banks for
  investment--invested in industry (railroads,
  mining, etc._
• 4. Cotton/textiles basis of British Industrial
  Rev. What was the basis on the Continent?