The Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution is the period from
  1750- 1850.
• Machines replaced the work of manual labor and
  increased production ten fold.
• The impact of the revolution was large. Thousands
  of peasants left the fields to work in the new
  factories of the cities. This would bring crime,
  disease, and starvation.

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Why England?

• England was perfect for the revolution. They were
  the leading colonial power and they could trade
  all over the world.
• England had deep navigable rivers for early
  transportation of materials.
• Because England was small they could not produce
  a lot of food and raw materials. This forced them
  into manufacturing goods to sell at a higher
  profit.

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Textile Industry

• There was so much demand for English cloth the
  weavers couldnt keep up.
• John Kay invented a flying shuttle that could do
  the work of two men. The problem was that they
  could not spin thread fast enough to keep up with
  the flying shuttle.

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James Hargraves

• In 1768 James Hargraves solved the thread
  shortage. He created the spinning jenny which
  allowed him to spin 8 times the amount of thread.
• The only problem was that it was a heavy coarse
  thread.

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Richard Arkwright

• He is considered the father of the modern
  factory. He created a spinning jenny so large
  that it needed a power source. That source would
  be water and his device was known as the
  waterframe.
• He could produce thread at a much faster pace and
  could spin it finer. This meant that fabric could
  be made of pure cotton.

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Early factories

• He was able to keep up with the weavers demands
  and sell his product at low prices.
• Arkwright became one of the worlds first
  millionaires for this reason.
• His factories would require people to come to a
  place of work.

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A new power source.

• The down side to water power required factories
  to be located on rivers. When water was low so
  was production.
• James Watts took an earlier invention that was
  used to pump water out of mines. He made it more
  efficient and increased its power. This invention
  was the Steam Engine.

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• The Steam Engine would revolutionize life. This
  invention would be used to power boats and
  trains.
• Now factories could be built anywhere.
• It also created a demand for coal. England just
  happened to have a wealth of coal in the north.
• England became the work shop of the world
  exporting not only their manufactured goods but
  their know how as well.
• People had a belief that there was no limit to
  what they could produce.