Cat and Dog Preventative Medicine: Breeding and Genetic Medicine

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Cat and DogPreventative MedicineBreeding and
Genetic Medicine
Dr. N. Matthew Ellinwood, D.V.M., Ph.D. April 2,
2012
Iowa State University College of Agriculture and
Life Sciences
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Breeding Management andDisease Prevention

• Infectious Agents
• Genetic Disease
• Simple
• Complex

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Infectious Disease

• Canine Agents
• Feline Agents

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Canine Agents

• Brucella canis
• Cause of reproductive failure and zoonotic
• Transmissible canine venereal tumor
• Tumor cells are the infectious agent
• Over 6000 years old
• Current form is 200-2000 years old
• Issue in tropics/subtropics

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Feline Agents

• Retroviruses
• FIV
• FeLV

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Feline Blood Type Incompatibility

• B queens bred to A toms or A carrier toms
• Blood typing
• DNA testing for B carrier status

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B Blood Frequency by Breed
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Breeds at Risk(Summary)

• Exclusive A cats
• Siamese
• Tonkinese
• Oriental Shorthair
• Other breeds at risk ranging from 1 to greater
  than 25 (i.e. British shorthairs)

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Cardiac Evaluationand Thyroid Evaluation

• Heart
• Echo
• Dipl. ACVIM (Cardio)
• Thyroid
• Blood tests
• OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals)

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Recessive Genetic Disease in Dogs and Cats

• Dozens of genetic disease in dogs and cats for
  which genetic tests exist
• DNA based tests are usually breed specific
• Some breeds share mutations
• Involve serious inherited recessive diseases of
  various body systems
• Vision
• Lysosomal Storage Diseases
• Hematological Disorders

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Breed Specific Tests

• Airdale Terrier
• American Cocker Spaniels
• Australian Cattle Dogs
• Australian Shepherd
• Basenji
• Basset Hound
• Bedlington Terrier
• Bernese Mountain Dog
• Briard
• Brittany Spaniel
• Bull Terrier
• Bullmastiffs
• Cairn Terrier
• Cardigan Welsh Corgi
• Chesapeake Bay Retrievers
• Curly-Coated Retriever
• Dachshunds
• Dalmatian
• Doberman Pinscher

• English Cocker Spaniels
• English Pointer
• English Setter
• English Springer Spaniel
• Field Spaniel
• Flat-coated Retriever
• German Short-haired Pointer
• German Wire-haired Pointer
• Golden Retriever
• Great Dane
• Greyhound
• Irish Setters
• Irish Red White Setters
• Kerry Blue Terrier
• Labrador Retriever
• Large Munsterlander
• Lhasa Apso
• Manchester Terrier
• Mastiffs

• Miniature Poodle
• Miniature Schnauzer
• Newfoundland
• Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers
• Papillon
• Pembroke Welsh Corgi
• Poodles (all varieties)
• Portuguese Water Dog
• Samoyeds
• Schipperke
• Scottish Terrier
• Shetland Sheepdog
• Shih Tzu
• Siberian Huskies
• Sloughis
• Toy Poodles
• West Highland White Terrier
• Wheaten Terrier
• Whippet

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Commercial DNA Based Testing

• Testing for diseases
• Testing for traits (hair coat color)
• Testing for parentage
• Testing for heritage
• University based, single tests
• Usually developer of tests
• University based, multiple tests and services
• Commercial laboratories, University spin-offs
• Commercial laboratories, usually little to no
  development
• Price 75-150
• Who you gonna call?

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Vet Gen Coat Color Tests

• The B and b alleles of the dog
• Three mutations in Tyrosinase Related Protein-1
  (TRP1) involved in the chocolate coat color in
  bb Labrador retrievers (and dogs of many other
  breeds).
• The E and e alleles of the dog
• One mutation in the the Melanocortin-1 Receptor
  (MC1R) gene that causes the the yellow coat color
  in ee dogs.

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Orthopedic Evaluations

• OFA
• Penn Hip (1.5 years)
• HD (2 years of age)
• OCD
• ED
• Age (see above)
• Retesting
• Penn Hip no
• HD - yes

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Ocular Evaluations

• CERF evaluations
• ACVO
• Frequency
• Annually