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1
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2
CONTENTS??????????? .
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4Chapter I. The Tasks of Veterinary Service.
The Work of Veterinarians..12
Unit I. Veterinary service 12Uni
t II. A veterinary school in the
USA 16Unit III. Veterinary
technologists and technicians. 20Unit IV.
Animal laws.. 25Unit V.
Progress check. 29Chapter II.
Mammals33Unit I.
Livestock.. 33Unit II.
Cow.. 39Unit III.
Cow 45Unit IV.
Horse. 50Unit V.
Pig 56Unit VI.
Sheep. 60Unit VII. Dog and
cat. 63Unit VIII. Progress
check.. 67Chapter III. Animal
Diseases69Unit I. Classification of
animal diseases. 69Unit II.
Nutritional diseases...73Unit
III. Non-infectious diseases. .76Un
it IV. Infectious diseases.. 80Un
it V. Contagious diseases84Unit
VI. Progress Check 87Unit VII.
Foot-and-mouth diseases.. 89Unit
VIII. Anthrax. 94Unit IX.
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis.97Unit
X. Brucellosis.. 101Unit
XI. Swine dysentery104Unit
XII. Surgical operation 108Unit
XIII. Progress check.. 110Gramma
r Reference.114Supplementary
reading..133Appendix
I177Vocabulary
..179
3
Unit IV. HorseGrammar Reported SpeechText
Text A Health and the horse
I. Read the text and then give it a title.The
horse (Equus caballus) is a large ungulate
mammal. For centuries horses have been one of the
most economically important domesticated animals,
especially used for farm work and for
transportation. The history of the horse is
prominent in religion, mythology, art,
transportation, agriculture and warfare.Most
horses perform work such as carrying humans or
are harnessed to pull objects such as carts or
plows. Hundreds of distinct horse breeds have
been developed, allowing horses to be specialized
for certain tasks lighter horses for racing or
riding, heavier horses for farming and other
tasks requiring pulling power. Some horses, such
as the miniature horse, can be kept as pets. In
some societies, horses are a source of food, both
meat and milk in others it is taboo to consume
these products. In industrialized countries,
horses are predominantly kept for leisure and
sporting pursuits, while in other parts of the
world they are still used as working
animals.Horses and humans have lived and worked
together for thousands of years.Depending on
breed, management and environment, the domestic
horse today has a life of 25 to 30 years. The
oldest verifiable record was "Old Billy," a horse
that lived in the 19th century to the age of 62.
In modern times, Sugar Puff, who had been listed
in the Guinness Book of World Records as the
world's oldest pony, died at age 56.Horse breeds
are groups of horses with distinctive
characteristics, such as conformation, color,
performance, intelligence or disposition that are
transmitted consistently to their offspring.
These inherited traits are usually the result of
a combination of natural crosses and artificial
selection methods aimed at developing horses for
specific tasks. Certain breeds are known for
certain talents, for example, Standardbreds are
known for their speed in harness. Some breeds
have been developed through centuries of
crossings with other breeds, while others such as
Tennessee Walking Horses and Morgans developed
from a single sire with a tremendous influence.
There are more than 300 horse breeds in the world
today.
4
Active Wordsto harness hanis -
????????????distinct disti?kt - ?????????,
??????, ????????racing reisi? - ?????????? ?
????, ??????riding raidi? - ????????
????leisure le?? - ?????, ?????????
?????pursuit p?sjut - ?????????????,
??????conformation k?nf?mei?n - ?????,
?????????performance p?f?m?ns - ??????????,
?????????????disposition disp?zi?n -
????????, ????to transmit trænzmit -
??????????, ??????????consistent k?nsist?nt
- ????????????????, ???????offspring ?fspri?
- ???????to inherit - inherit -
????????????trait trei - ??????????? ?????,
???????????artificial atifi?l -
?????????????harness hanis - ??????,
?????sire sai? - ????????????? (?
???????)tremendous trimend?s - ????????,
????????? ????????influence infu?ns -
???????, ????????II. Translate the following
words and phrases from Russian into
English???????? ????????, ??????, ??????, ?
??????? ?????, ?????, ????????? ?????, ????
??????????????? ??? ???????????? ?????, ????,
????????????, ???????? ???, ? ??????????? ??
??????, ????????????? ??????????????, ????????
????, ??????????? ? ??????? ????????, ???????,
?????????????.
5
III. Complete the following sentences. Choose the
ending according to the text Horse breeds are
groups of horses with distinctive
characteristics Most horses perform work such
as3. Depending on breed, management and
environment, 4. Certain breeds are known for5.
Hundreds of distinct horse breeds have been
developed?) certain talents, for example, for
their speed in harness.b) the domestic horse
today has a life of 25 to 30 years. c) to be
specialized for certain tasks.d) such as
conformation, color, performance, intelligence
that are transmitted to their offspring.e)
carrying humans or are harnessed to pull objects
such as carts or plows.IV. Use the following
questions in your group to talk about
horsesGive the characteristic of the
horse.What work have most horses performed for
centuries?Horses are specialized for certain
tasks. What are they?How long do horses
live?What are horse breeds?Certain breeds are
known for certain talents, arent they?
6
V. Revise the rule in the Grammar Reference 10.
Report the sentences according to the model.
Model 1. She says, He works in the veterinary clinic. She says that he works in the veterinary clinic.
Model 2. She said, He worked in the veterinary clinic last year. She said that he had worked in the veterinary clinic the year before.
1. She said, The horse is a large ungulate
mammal. 2. He says, Horse has been one of the
most economically important domesticated
animals. 3. I noted, Most horses perform work
such as carrying humans or pull carts or
plows. 4. They answered, Some miniature horse
can be kept as pets. 5. Jane says, Horses and
humans have lived and worked together for
thousands of years. 6. Tom remarked, The
domestic horse today has a life of 25 to 30
years. 7. Mike told, Some breeds have been
developed through centuries of crossings with
other breeds. 8. His friend shouted, There are
more than 300 horse breeds in the world today!
VI. Having read this text what can you say about
horses?
7
VII. Look at the picture and match the organs of
the horse with their names given below. Use the
dictionary.
1 - ????, 2 - ??????, 3 - ????, 5 - ???, 6 -
??????? ???, 7 - ?????, 8 - ?????, 9 - ?????, 10
- ???????? 11 - ???????, 12 - ????, 13 - ??????
??????, 15 - ??????, 16 - ?????, 18 - ??????, 19
- ??????, 20 - ??????, 21 ???? (?????), 23 -
?????, 24 - ????????, 25 -??????????, 26 - ?????,
28 - ?????
__________________________________________________
_ ears, stomach, heel, lips, wrist , eye, back,
forearm, crest, small of the back, sacrum,
nostrils, croup, pastern, dock, gaskin, knee,
hoof, metacarpus, mane, withers, shoulder,
metatarsus
8
VIII. Choose the appropriate definition.
1. The eye is a) the foot of the horse.
2. The muzzle on the horses face make up b) the connection between the hoof and the fetlock.
3. Mane is c) the sense organ that detects sounds.
4. Hoof is d) the high point on the back of an animal, on the ridge between its shoulder blades.
5. Ears are e) the point where the tail connects to the rear of the horse.
6. Pastern is f) the line of the hair along the spine of the neck, striating behind the ears and ending just above the wither.
7. Dock is g) the organ that detect light.
8. The withers is h) the chin, mouth and nostrils.
9
IX. Read the text and fill in the table that
follows it.HEALTH AND THE HORSEHorses like any
animal they can fall ill or be injured. A healthy
pony or horse is alert, bright eyed and takes an
interest in all that goes on around it. The base
of the ears should be warm to the touch.Signs of
illness vary, but there are some general
symptoms. A field-kept pony which stays for a
long time in one place, a horse which goes off
its food, a willing horse which suddenly becomes
"nappy" all these sings are indications that
something is wrong. Other symptoms include
discharge from the eyes or nostrils
restlessness general lack of interest sweating
kicking or biting at the flank lameness
diarrhea apparent difficulty in breathing
coughing.Lameness is the commonest form of
disability in the horse. Treating most forms of
it is usually best left to an expert.Wounds and
injuries are another common problem. First bring
the bleeding under control applying a pressure
bandage. Clip the hair from the skin around the
wound and clean it thoroughly. Then coat with an
anti-biotic powder and dress.Like humans, horses
can easily catch skin diseases, particularly in
unhygienic conditions. Skin diseases include
lice, ringworm, sweet itch, mud fever, pustular
dermatitis, and nettle rash.Teeth and stomach
cab both give the horse problems. Both demand
serious attention.
Signs of healthy horse
Signs of an ill horse
Most common problems
Treating wounds
10
Unit VIII. Progress CheckI.Read the text and
find the sentences containing Participle I,
Participle II, the Gerund, the Infinitive and
state their function. Points - 9Animal husbandry
is an important component of modern
agriculture.Animal husbandry is the agricultural
practice of breeding and raising livestock.
Livestock is the term used to refer to a
domesticated animal reared in an agricultural
setting to produce such as food or fibre, or for
animals labour.The science of animal husbandry
is taught in many universities and colleges
around the world. Students of animal science may
pursue degrees in veterinary medicine following
graduation, or go on to pursue master's degrees
or doctorates in disciplines such as genetics and
breeding, or reproductive physiology. Graduates
of these programs may be found working in the
veterinary and human pharmaceutical industries,
the livestock and pet supply and feed industries,
or in academia.The mission is to provide with
high quality services and support the
relationship between people and their pets. One
of our key roles is to implement government
policies aimed at preventing or managing outbreak
of serious animal diseases and in doing support
the farming industry, protect the welfare of
farmed animal and safeguard public health from
animal borne disease.II. Can you translate these
words? Choose the appropriate translation. Points
- 13 1. liver a)
?????2. lung b)??????
?????3. omasum c)
????????? ?????4. abomasum d) ???????
??????5. gallbladder e) ?????????????
??????6. kidney f) ??????
?????7. small intestines g) ??????8. colon
h) ???????9. tissue
i) ?????10. rectum
j) ??????11. esophagus k) ?????12.
duodenum l) ??????13. pancreas m)
?????????????????? ?????
11
III. Match the organ in A with its functions in
B.A.a) the liver b) the kidneys c) the
abomasum d) the intestine e) the heart f) the
gall bladder g) the lungsB.1. A vital organ
which enables the body to obtain oxygen from the
air we breathe, and to eliminate carbon
dioxide.2. Its main functions are to regulate
the amount of water and salt within the body,
maintain the proper acid-base balance in the
body, and to eliminate waste products from the
blood.3. It is the major part of the digestive
system, extending from the duodenum to the
anus.4. It is a hollow, muscular organ where the
process of digesting swallowed food begins.5. It
is a small sac which sits just beneath the liver
and its only role is to concentrate gall and then
release it when food is passing through the small
intestine.6. It is a powerful pump that beats
continuously during life to circulate the blood
throughout the body.7. It is the largest and one
of the most vital organs which receives a dual
blood supply.
Points 7
12
IV. Read the text B and say which part of the
text is about a) cats and dogs are omnivorous
b) correct feeding of domestic animals c) the
influence of incorrect feeding on a growing
kittens or puppiesPET NUTRITION Feeding is an
important factor in cats and dogs life. A lot
of research has bee done to determine the
nutrient needs of dogs and cats. (1) Incorrect
feeding of a growing little one affects body
weight, height and constitution of an animal. If
the feeding is incorrect, various serious
diseases can develop by our pets.(2) Clever
owner organizes feeding of domestic animals
correctly, regulates the amount of food in
accordance with their physiological needs.
Feeding must be full (that is, should take into
account the quality of nutrition), well-balanced
(that is, should consider the interaction of
certain substances in food and in the organism)
and ration (should consider correct consumption
of forage souses when scheduling a diet).(3)
Most pet owners today feed their pets on
commercial foods which are well-balanced.(4) In
general both cats and dogs are omnivorous. They
can eat meat, fish, milk, vegetable and grassy
food. From time to time they eat grass or
houseplants. In this way they get minerals and
vitamins.
Points - 3MARK YOUR
SCOREYou can get 31 points.29- 31 points well
done26- 28 points good22- 25 points you can
do better21 points or less revise and try again
13
1. Read the following words paying attention to
the pronunciation progress, technology,
material, industry, to produce, mechanization,
product, productivity, prophylaxes, organization,
veterinary, sanitation, hygiene, to select 2.
Read the text and find out the meaning of the
following words.tissue, digestive, surgery,
esophagus, small intestine, secretion, large
intestine, pancreas, the rumen, gallbladder,
nutrient, reticulum, omasum, abomasum,
feedstuffText A. The cow's digestive tractThe
cow's digestive tract consists of the mouth,
esophagus, a complex four-compartment stomach,
small intestine and large intestine (figure 1).
The stomach includes the rumen, reticulum,
omasum, and abomasum. The rumen. The rumen
(on the left side of the animal) is the largest
of four compartments and is divided into several
sacs. It depends on the size of the cow. Because
of its size, the rumen acts as storage. A
microbial population in the rumen digests or
ferments feed eaten by the animal.Cattle
sometimes consume heavy feed and metal objects
which are deposited in the reticulum, the
smallest compartment, and this is where hardware
disease occurs. If not prevented by a magnet or
corrected by surgery, infection may occur and the
animal may die. 3. Scan through the text once
again.
14
4. Make the sentences as true (T) or false
(F).1. The cat is a small carnivorous species of
crepuscular mammal.2. The cat is valued by
humans for its companionship and its ability to
hunt vermin, snakes and scorpions.3. Cats have
lowly advanced hearing, eyesight, taste, and
touch receptors, making the cat extremely
sensitive among mammals.4. Cats' night vision is
inferior to humans although their vision in
daylight is superior.5. Humans and cats have a
different range of hearing on the low end of the
scale.6. A domestic cat's sense of smell is
about fourteen times as strong as a human's.7.
Cats use a variety of vocalizations and types of
body language for communication, including
mewing, purring, hissing, growling.5. Translate
the sentences into Russian.1. When selecting a
commercial pet food it is important to read the
label very carefully.2. There is a whole group
of bacterial diseases affecting the skin.3.
Skeletal problems are seen in cats fed diets
composed primary of liver.4. Maize is an
excellent food for animas if given in combination
with other food.5. In developing countries
animal diseases are tolerated in animal
husbandry.6. The sounds made by the cats have
various meaning.7. Livestock is the term used to
refer to a domesticated animal intentionally
reared in agriculture.8. Mammalian livestock can
be used as a source of milk.
15
6. Make up sentences.1) of, species, a small,
the cat, is, carnivorous, mammal, crepuscular.2)
can, the cat, food , hunt, species, 1,000 ,
for.3) cats, mechanisms, simple, are able to,
manipulate. 4) popular, may, in the world, pet,
cats , the most, be .5) cats, have, hearing,
advanced, highly, eyesight, touch receptors,
taste, and.6) the world, cats, the most, in,
be, pet, may.7. Complete the following
sentences. Choose the ending according to the
text1. The cow's digestive tract consists of
2. The stomach includes 3. The rumen is 4. The
rumen is divided into5. The reticulum is 6. The
globe-shaped structure of the omasum contains 7.
The small intestine receives 8. Most of the
digestive process is completed in.9. Through
large intestine pass a) the rumen, reticulum,
omasum, and abomasum.b) of the mouth, esophagus,
a complex four-compartment stomach, small
intestine and large intestine.c) the small
intestine.d) leaves of tissue.e) the largest of
four compartments cow's stomach.f) the smallest
compartment of cow's stomach.g) the secretions
of the pancreas and the gallbladder.h)
undigested feedstuffs.i) several sacs.
16
8. I. Translate the following words and phrases
from English into RussianTo practice under the
supervision of a licensed veterinarian,
veterinary care, the skills, to injure, sign of
pain, despite, to take blood samples, routine
laboratory and clinical procedures, to record
information on an animals diet and weight, to
conduct clinical work, education and training,
experienced veterinary technicians, to care for
companion animals, employer.II. Give the English
equivalents for following??????????????? ?????,
??????? ??????, ??????? ?????, ??????, ?????,
??????????? ????????, ???????, ?????, ??????
?????, ?????, ????????? ???? ? ?????? ????????,
???????, ?????, ????????????? ??????, ????????
??, ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????????, ??
???????, ????? ??????? ????????, ????????????,
??????????????.
III. Match the English words with their
translation. 1. as a sequence of
a) ??????? ??????? 2. in contradiction
b) ?????????? ????????? 3. condition
c) ????????? 4.
ruminant d) ?
?????????? 5. pus pocket
e) ? ????????????????? 6. to penetrate
f) ??????? 7. pericardities g)
??????? ???????? 8. various
h) ????????? ?????? 9. reticulum
j) ????????????? 10.
occurrence k) ?????
17
9. Choose the appropriate definition.
disease symptoms
1) tetanus a) a bloody diarrhea
2) ringworm b) los of condition, weakness, rough hair coat and diarrhea
3) mastitis c) stiffness
4) swine dysentery e) blisters, containing a straw-colored fluid, appearing in he mouth on the muzzle, udder, teats.
5) tuberculosis f) clotted and watery milk, fever, pain, swelling and change in the shape of the udder
6) foot-and-mouth disease g) if the disease is in the lung there may be a cough in the intestines ,chronic diarrhea in the joints, testicles.
18
II. Complete the sentences with the words in its
appropriate form.1. is an important component
of modern agriculture2. is the term used to
refer to a domesticated animal intentionally
reared in an agricultural setting to produce such
as food or fibre.3. Mammalian livestock ,
which can be processed into other dairy products
such as yogurt, cheese, butter.4. The economic
value of livestock is 5. Sheep and goats
produce .6. Cows, deer, and sheep can make .
7. can be spread on fields to increase crop
yields.8. Horses, donkey, and yaks are still
used in many places of the world, including
ploughing fields, transporting goods, and
military functions. 9. The grazing of livestock
is sometimes used as a way to control .10.
During the history of animal husbandry have
arisen in an attempt to increase carcass
utilization and reduce waste. animal
husbandry manure can be used as a source of
milk for different purposes livestock huge
many secondary products wool and mohair
leather weeds and undergrowth
III. Complete the sentences. 1. Sheep (????
?????????) for agricultural purposes. 2. Sheep
is primarily valued for their (??????) and
(????). 3. They are also occasionally raised for
(?????), as (???????? ????????) or as model
organisms for (?????). 4. As livestock, sheep
are most-often associated with (???????????),
(????????) imagery. 5. Domestic sheep are
relatively small (??????? ????????), typically
with (??????).
19
11. Translate the sentences.1. ????????????
??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???, ??? ??????
?????????? ????? ????????.2. ?????????? ?????? -
???? ?? ????? ????????? ???????????.3. ???????
??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???
???.4. ????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ???????
?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????.5.
??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????.6.
? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????
???????, ??????? ????? ???????????.12. Answer
the questions1. What contagious or communicable
diseases do you know?2. What are the symptoms of
tuberculosis in animals?3. What is the cause of
tuberculosis?4. During the period of treatment
the ailing patient is a source of infection,
isnt it?5. Is tuberculosis a chronic disease of
man or animals?6. What method is used for the
diagnosis of tuberculosis?7. What does this
method consist in?
20
13. Read the text B and give it a title. Write
down five questions to this text.Text
BBrucellosis of cattle may be controlled in
several ways, the method used depending on herd
conditions and the severity and extent of the
disease in the herd. Four methods of control have
been used successfully test and slaughter,
calfhood vaccination, sanitary control or herd
management, and test and segregation. Treatment
and prevention. Antibiotics like tetracyclins,
rifampicin and the aminoglicosides streptomycin
and gentamicin are effective against Brucella
bacteria. However, the use of more than one
antibiotic is needed for several weeks.
14. Prove that Britain has been one of the
leading countries in the field of animal rights.








15. Make the plan to this text and according to
your plan retell the text.
16. Read the text and give a summary of it. The
domestic dog has been one of the most widely kept
working and companion animals in human history,
as well as being a food source in some cultures.
There are estimated to be 400 million dogs in the
world. The dog has developed into hundreds of
varied breeds. Height measured to the withers
ranges from a few inches in the Chihuahua to a
few feet in the Irish Wolfhound color varies
from white through grays (usually called blue) to
black, and browns from light (tan) to dark ("red"
or "chocolate") in a wide variation of patterns
and, coats can be very short to many centimeters
long, from coarse hair to straight or curly, or
smooth. Modern dog breeds show more variation in
size, appearance, and behavior than any other
domestic animal. Dogs are predators and
scavengers, possessing sharp teeth and strong
jaws for attacking, holding, and tearing their
food. Like many other predatory mammals, the dog
has powerful muscles, fused wristbones, a
cardiovascular system that supports both
sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching
and tearing. A dog can identify a sound's
location much faster than a human can, as well as
hear sounds up to four times the distance that
humans are able to.