World War I

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World War I

• The Great War
• The War to end all Wars

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Causes of WWI

• 1. Rise of Nationalism- intense love of ones
  nation led to competition among European nations
  agnst. Each other.
• 2. Imperialism Militarism- competition for
  overseas colonies Arms race to be truly great
  you had to have a great powerful military

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Militarism

• Who Europeans
• What the policy of glorifying ones military
  power keeping an army prepared for war
• Where Europe
• When 1900-1914
• Why countries were in an Arms race to be truly
  great you had to have a great powerful military-
  the country w. the greatest military arms
  most powerful this race WWI

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Causes (contd)

• 3. Tangled Alliance system-
• Growing rivalries among nations alliances
• Alliances break up new ones are made
• alliance system had been designed to keep Europe
  from going to war.. Instead pushes them into it!
• (theres 2 imp. Alliances that we end up with)

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Triple Alliance

• Who Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
• What a pact between the 3 to aid one another
  keep France from taking any of them over
• Where Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy
• When 1879-1881
• Why the goal was to keep France isolated- this
  will become the Central Powers in WWI

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Triple Entente

• Who Great Britain, France, Russia
• What a pact between the 3 to guarantee they
  would not fight agnst one another in case a war
  broke out
• Where GB, France, Russia
• When 1907
• Why it didnt promise they would fight w. each
  other but promised they wouldnt fight agsnt each
  other this became the Allied powers in WWI

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Alliances

• Allied Powers (Triple Entente) Great Britain,
  France, Russia
• Central Powers (Triple Alliance) Germany,
  Austria Hungary, Italy
• Brinkmanship threaten war to get what you want

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• ANY conflict in Europe could then make these 2
  sides break out into war bc of the alliances
• Issues start arising, such as

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• 4. Crisis in the Balkans (NC from last time..)
• Nationalism they were trying to break away from
  Otto. Empire, some formed ind. Nations
• Arguing over who should control where..
• Austria-Hungary tookover Bosnia- Herzegovina
  Serbia MAD!!

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THE shot that rang throughout the world

• 5. Assassination of
• Archduke Francis
• Ferdinand
• Heir to the Austrian throne
• Went to Bosnia on a visit
• Gavrilo Princip, member of Black hand (Serbian
  Nationalist grp) killed him
• Austria is mad!! declares war on Serbia
• Russia backs up Serbia declares war on
  Austria WAR!!

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Central Powers

• Who Germany, Austria- Hungary,
• What one side of WWI that were member of the
  Triple Alliance called this because of their
  central location in Europe
• Where Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire,
  Bulgaria
• When 1914-1917
• Why

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Allies

• Who GB, France, Russia, Japan, Italy
• What one side of WWI that were members of the
  Triple Entente
• Where GB, France, Russia, Japan, Italy
• When 1914-1917
• Why

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EUROPE 1914
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Germanys War Plan

• Could not sustain a 2-front war, had the
  Schlieffen Plan
• knock out France, then go get Russia
• plan called for G to go thru Belgium, violating
  their neutrality (remember way back in 1830)
• which gave GB 2 reasons to go to war (attacking
  their ally Belgium)

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Schlieffen Plan

• Who Germans
• What Germanys strategic war plan battle
  strategy that called for attacking defeating
  France in the West then rushing East to get
  Russia
• Where Germany
• When 1914-1917
• Why felt they could wait to get Russia b.c. they
  lagged behind the rest of Europe would take
  longer to get to the front lines mistake

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1914 1915 Stalemate

• Euros. Thought it would be a short war thought
  the boys would be home by Christmas
• War stalemate, trench warfare
• Western front French and English
• Eastern front Russians

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Western Front

• Who Central Pwrs vs. Allies
• What a deadlocked region in Northern France
  where most of the fighting was in WWI
• Where Northern France
• When 1914-1917
• Why this is where most the fighting took place
  in WWI used Trench warfare

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Trench Warfare (NC)

• New type warfare
• Western Front
• Static lines of defense, Revolution in firepower
  (Rifles)
• No mans Land

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Eastern Front

• Who Germans vs. Russians
• What the region in the East on the
  German/Russian border where the fighting occurred
• Where German/Russian border
• When 1914-1917
• Why more mobile fighting, slaughter, stalemate
  than on the W. Front The Russian army tied up
  thousands of German troops here keeping them from
  succeeding in the West

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Effects of WWI

• 1. New weapons such as.
• (b.c. of the Industrial Revolution)

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New Weaponry
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

• Who Germans
• What a policy that would sink without any
  warning any ship in the waters around Britain
• Where North Atlantic Ocean
• When 1915
• Why this led to sinking the Lusitania that had
  128 US citizens US entered the war!!

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Effects..

• 6. Total war!! (NC)
• Devoted all their resources
• Wartime govts took over Economy
• Rationing (NC)
• conscription, or draft
• Propoganda (NC)
• women help with manufacturing war goods as the
  men were away fighting women get to vote
  post-war

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Rationing

• Who Allies Central powers
• What a system on the homefront where people
  could only buy small amounts of goods that were
  needed for the war effort
• Where throughout the world
• When1914-1917
• Why covered a lot of goods from butter to shoe
  leather people at home sacrificed luxuries for
  war effort

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Propaganda

• Who Allies Central Powers
• What one-sided information used to persuade
  keep up morale for the war
• Where all over the world
• When 1914-1917
• Why govts suppressed anti-war activity,
  censored news, and used this to keep people from
  turning against the war

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Total War

• Who Allies, Central Powers
• What a war in which a country devotes all its
  resources to the war effort
• Where all over the world
• When 1914-1917
• Why WWI was the 1st total war Rationing,
  Propaganda, Women worked, Draft

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More effects

• 7. Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome shell shock
• 8. Death Destruction never seen before 8.5
  million soldiers died, 21 million wounded, many
  civilians died (15 of youth birthrates down)

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• 9. Devastating economic impact total cost 338
  Million!! Europe economically dependent on USA
• 10. Destroyed farmland, villages, towns, homes
  (15,000 sq. miles F countryside ruined)

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And yet MORE effects

• 11. Disillusionment of survivors insecurity
  despair\
• 12. Treaties to end the war anger resentment!!

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THE END (of the war..)

• WORLD WAR ONE broke from the old world order that
  had been est. after Napoleonic wars and the Cong.
  Of Vienna
• Brings us into the Modern Age
• AND
• IT IS VITAL TO UNDERSTAND WWI, the causes, and
  the results-- IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND WHY WWII
  HAPPENS..

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Peace making 1918 - 1919

• Germany surrendered on November 11, 1918
• peacemaking takes place in Paris, the Paris Peace
  Conference
• 5 treaties are the result, all named after
  Parisian suburbs
• most important treaty of Versailles Germanys
  treaty

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The Big Four

• delegates at the conference 1918 - 19
• Woodrow Wilson, US
• Georges Clemenceau, France
• Vittorio Orlando, Italy
• David Lloyd George, Great Britain
• Frances goal weaken Germany so that it could
  not become strong again

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Versailles Treaty

• Who US, GB, France vs. Germany
• What a compromise to end the war
• Where Palace of Versailles, France
• When June 28, 1919
• Why
• Created League of Nations (NC)
• Article 231/War-guilt clause Germany
• In the end, did little to build lasting peace
  instead, built bitterness betrayal WWII!!

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Woodrow Wilson

• Who President of the US, member of the Big Four
• What wanted Peace without Victors 14 points
  for achieving a just lasting peace
• Where USA
• When 1918
• Why wanted to bring peace with 14 pts BUT only
  14th pt was adopted he wasnt allowed- US
  Congress wouldnt let him

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Fourteen Points

• Who Woodrow Wilson
• What 14 points of peace proposals, a plan to
  bring peace
• Where Palace of Versailles, France
• When 1918
• Why sought peace through-
• no secret treaties,
• freedom of the seas,
• free trade, fix colonies,
• reduce militaries,
• change borders create new nations based on
  Self-Determination,
• General association of the nations

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Self-Determination

• Who Woodrow Wilson
• What the guiding idea behind Wilsons 14 pts
  means- allowing people to decide for themselves
  under what govt they wished to live
• Where Europe
• When 1918
• Why This was the guiding principle behind
  Wilsons 14 points wasnt accepted by European
  powers

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• France GB didnt want to accept 14 pts.. Too
  concerned _at_ security
• They accepted the 14th pt General association of
  the nations.
• Aka

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The League of Nations

• Who GB, France others
• What based off Wilsons 14th pt- an
  international association whose goal is to keep
  peace among the nations
• Where Versailles Palace, France
• When 1919-
• Why 1st international peace keeping org this
  was created in the Treaty of Versailles- BUT
• US wasnt a part of it
• didnt include Germany or Russia G mad!!
• No military to enforce

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Treaty of Versailles article 231

• War Guilt Germany forced to accept war guilt,
  said they were completely responsible for the war
  and damages
• Owed 33Billion to Allies YOWZA! Thats a LOT!!
  Debt unhappiness rise of National
  Socialism (aka Nazis..)
• This led to
• Loss of Territory
• Military Restrictions
• War Guilt feelings..

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Loss of Territory

• Germany
• Gave Alsace-Lorraine to France
• French border extended to Rhineland (industry)
• Gives up ALL overseas territories
• Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire
• Lost land Empires fell apart new small
  independent nations form
• Russia
• Had to leave b.c. Russian Revolution lost land
  to surrounding countries

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Military Restrictions

• Germany
• Must reduce size of military DRASTICALLY
• Couldnt import or make weapons/war materials
• Couldnt build/buy submarines
• Couldnt have air force