Chapter 16 World War II

1
Chapter 16World War II

• Honors World History
• C. Simmons

2
Chapter 16 Section 1

• Hitlers Lightning War

3
Germany Starts War

• Nazi-Soviet Pact secret agreement b/t Hitler
  and Stalin splitting Poland
• Hitler attacked Poland wanting the Polish
  corridor returned to Germany
• Germany used strategic tactic blitzkrieg
• Stalin sent Soviet troops to attack Poland and
  Eastern European countries, Estonia, Lithuania,
  and Latvia
• September 3, 1939 Britain and France declare war
• British and France mobilize troops along Maginot
  Line fortifications along German border

4
Fall of France

• Hitler sent distraction troops into Belgium,
  Luxemburg, and Netherlands while sending even
  larger force toward France
• Allied troops trapped at Dunkirk where they were
  rescued
• Rescue _at_ Dunkirk British navy ships fishing
  trollers, and civilian crafts brought 338,000
  troops to safety
• June 14 Germany marches on Paris and France falls
  under German control
• French government set up in exile in London by
  Charles de Gaulle

5
The Battle of Britain

• British Prime minister Winston Churchill roused
  the British people We shall fight on the
  beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds,
  we shall fight in the streets, we shall never
  surrender.
• German Luftwaffe began bombing London in
  preparation of landing ground forces.
• Two advances helped Britain survive and fight
  back radar and Enigma
• The Battle of Britain became the largest aerial
  battle in history
• Lesson learned Blitzkrieg could be blocked

6
(No Transcript)
7
Eastern Front

• After Battle of Britain Hitler turned his focus
  on the Soviet Union
• Mussolini attacked Egypt for the control of the
  Suez Canal
• Britain struck back and captured over 130,000
  Italians, then Hitler sent back up the Afrika
  Corps headed by Rommel he was very successful
  nicknamed Desert Fox
• Hitler planned to attack the Soviet Union by
  conquering the Balkans and Greece, celebrated by
  raisin swastikas on the Acropolis
• Germany attacked the unprepared Soviet Troops and
  quickly pushed to Leningrad (scorched earth
  policy)
• Hitler refused to retreat and over 500,000 German
  soldiers lost their lives

8
U.S. Aids Allies

• Most Americans thought US should not get involved
  Neutrality Acts
• Lend-Lease Act - FDR sold weapons to Allies on
  cash and carry system
• Atlantic Charter secret agreement b/t Churchill
  and FDR to free trade and government
• Undeclared naval war b/t US and Germany

9
Chapter 16 Section 2

• Japans Pacific Campaign

10
Pearl Harbor

• Japan threatened US controlled Philippines and US
  shut off oil supply to Japan - US cracked
  Japanese secret codes
• Admiral Yamamoto called for attacks on European
  colonies in SE Asia and US fleet in Hawaii
• December 7, 1941 Day that will live in Infamy
  Japanese achieved surprise attack in Pearl Harbor
  and US Pacific Fleet
• 2,300 American soldiers died, 1,500 wounded and
  19 ships sunk or damaged including 8 battleships

11
(No Transcript)
12
Japanese Victories

• Philippines were in Japanese sight American
  forces held defensive position on Bataan
  Peninsula After Japanese victories Bataan Death
  March, marched 70,000 POWs back 50,000 returned
• Japan also conquers Indochina and Indonesia

13
Allies Strike Back

• Japan was vulnerable to attack
• Japanese resources spread to thin in Pacfic
• Battle of coral sea new type of war, aircraft
  carrier attacks stopped Japanese southern
  progress
• Battle of Midway lured Japanese in and attacked
  before Japanese planes could hit the air 350
  planes and 4 carriers destroyed, turning point in
  the Pacific War

14
Allied Offensive

• Douglas MacArthur strategy in pacific was island
  hopping to skip over Japanese strongholds and
  cutoff supply from Asia and islands closer to
  Japan
• Battle of Gaudalcanal became known as the
  island of death, as Japanese forces were forced
  to abandon the island

15
Chapter 16 Section 3

• The Holocaust
• Overview video

16
Holocaust Begins

• Ideas of the Aryans master race led to the
  Holocaust systematic extermination of inferior
  races and peoples (Jews)
• Growing dislike for Jews (Nuremburg Laws)
  stripped citizenship
• Kristallnacht destruction, violence against
  Jewish establishments
• Jews started to flee to other countries, then
  others (US, Britain, France) closed their doors
  to Jews
• Nazis isolated Jews in ghettos Jews forced
  into overcrowded areas and forced to wear IDs

17
The Final Solution

• The Final solution was genocide extermination
  of an entire people
• These people were called undesirables Jews,
  gypsies, AA, Asians, Disabled, Homosexuals, etc.
• SS Killing Squads gathered up Jews (fire squads)
  others sent to concentration camps slave/labor
  prisons, medical experiments
• Extermination camps built in 1942, able to kill
  up to 6,000 people in one day (gas chambers)
• Auschwitz killed close to 3 million,
  crematoriums had to be installed to keep up with
  the killings

18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
Chapter 16 Section 4

• The Allied Victory

21
The Tide Turns

• Western Front in N. Africa and Italy
• Operation Torch forced Rommels troops back -
  Dwight D. Eisenhower led allied forces of up to
  150,000 into N. Africa
• In the East, The Battle of Stalingrad became the
  central focus Stalin ordered his commanders to
  defend the city to the death, Germany controlled
  90 of city but winter set in and they got
  trapped turning point in the East, 90,000
  Germans surrendered, over 250,000 died, 1 million
  Russian soldiers lost their lives
• Invasion of Italy Mussolini lost power after
  early defeat in Sicily but regained control in
  north, fighting continued here until German
  surrender Mussolini later suffered public
  hanging

22
Allied Home Fronts

• Most allied civilians suffered hardships or even
  death, Americans only attacked in Hawaii and
  Allusion Islands
• Allies mobilizing for total war rationing, war
  bonds, wartime production
• Negative effect of government propaganda FDR
  executive order Japanese internment camps

23
Victory in Europe

• D-Day invasion 3 million troops, thousands of
  land vehicles invaded beaches of Normandy, France
  (dummy army used as decoy)
• Operation Overlord largest land based invasion
  in history, Germans dug in and over 3,000
  soldiers died on the beaches
• Third Army broke through led by George Patton and
  marched on Paris one month later then set sights
  on Germany
• Battle of the Bulge last German offensive
• Unconditional German surrender, May 7 1945 V-E
  Day, Hitler earlier committed suicide with his
  wife Eva Braun

24
(No Transcript)
25
Victory in Pacific

• Japans last surge Battle of Leyte Gulf, largest
  naval battle in history most Japanese fleet
  destroyed
• Now only the kamikazes stood b/t the allies and
  Japan
• Iwo Jima and Okinawa would some of the bloodiest
  fighting of the war but Japan retreated to their
  mainland
• Decision time for Truman, A-bomb or risk more
  allied lives
• Manhattan Project produced the A-bomb, August 6th
  little boy dropped, August 9th fat man Japan
  surrendered September 2, 1945 V-J Day

26
(No Transcript)
27
Chapter 16 Section 5

• Europe and Japan in Ruins

28
Devastation in Europe

• 60 million Europeans dead 40 million civilians
• Most cities destroyed and in ruins, Paris,
  Brussels, and Rome remain undamaged
• People were left to wonder, thousands died of
  famine and disease
• 100 million were left homeless

29
Postwar Governments

• Most pre-war governments returned, people of
  Germany and Italy upset and Communist idealism
  was a growing, until economies stated to recover
• Nuremburg Trials 22 Nazi leaders were convicted
  of war crimes and crimes against humanity
• Most committed suicide before but 12 faced the
  charges and were executed

30
Postwar Japan

• 5 million dead Most cities were left in ruin due
  to bombing, Hiroshima and Nagasaki left as
  wasteland
• MacArthur was in control of occupied Japan and
  started process of demilitarization, and
  democratization creating government elected by
  people
• War crime trials were carried out and former
  premier Hideki Tojo was executed

31
Occupation Brings Deep Changes

• Constitution would change Japanese society away
  from absolutism to democracy
• Emperor became more of a powerless symbol
• Postwar agreements turned enemies into allies and
  vice-versa
• The Soviet Union and the US came out as the
  worlds clear superpowers