The World at War (again)

1
The World at War (again)
2
BLUE BOOK 676-677

• Name THREE things the Treaty of Versailles did to
  Germany

3
Use back of opener page from last class
4
Answer in your spiral, with partner

• Open the RED book to pages 804-805 The War
  Begins
• Use facts from the reading to support this
  statement During the 1930s, people were
  willing to give up their rights.
• Write IMPORTANT FACTS about each of the following
  countries Italy, Germany, Japan, the Soviet
  Union

5
1. Explain the differences between Democratic,
Fascist and Communist governments? List the type
of government each major country had. How might
Communist and Fascist governments have had an
advantage in fighting a war with democracies?
I. Differences between Democratic, Fascist
Communism A. Democracies Based on
Individual Rights 1. Economic Rights
Capitalism (Own
Business Make ) 2. Government Rights
Democratic Elected Govt a.
Choose Leaders by voting in some
way 3. Examples United States
/Britain / France
6
B. Fascist Dictatorship
w/Private Business 1. Economic Rights
Capitalism (Own Business Make ) 2.
Government No Rights Totalitarian /
Dictatorship One Person or Party Leader
3. Examples Germany / Italy /
Japan
7
C. Communism Good of everyone no
Individual 1. Economic No Rights All
Owned by Govt 2. Government Rights
Totalitarian / Dictatorship One Person or Party
Leader 3. Examples Soviet Union
(Russia) D. Advantage Disadvantages 1.
Communism Fascism Govt controls ALL
information there is NO opposition
2. Democracies People chose to
fight, can elect new leaders any time
8
Fascism
Communism
Democracy
9
Economies

• Communism government owns ALL businesses all
  resources SHARED equally
• Socialism government owns and operates countrys
  means of production. SOME private businesses
• Capitalism everything is based on choice and
  competition, PRIVATE businesses run most
  businesses

10
Germany (AXIS)

• Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
• Born in Austria in 1889, the fourth child of six
• Aspired to be an artist, was twice rejected for
  the Academy for Fine arts in Vienna
• Hitler was jailed for just over a year for his
  role in the Beer Hall Putsch
• Used Emergency Powers to become Dictator of
  Germany

Hitler fought in World War I, he is in the
picture at the far left
11
Italy (AXIS)

• Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) Prime Minister of
  Italy from 1922 to 1943
• Before WWI, was a journalist
• Was known as IL DUCE (the supreme leader)

12
Great Britain (ALLIES)

• Neville Chamberlain (Prime Minister 1937-1940)
• -Most famous for his policy of APPEASEMENT
  towards Hitler

• Winston Churchill (Prime Minister 1940-1945)
• -Churchill had a speech impediment

13
Japan (AXIS)

• Emperor Hirohito (ruler of Japan from 1926-1989)
• There is much debate over how much he controlled
  Japan during World War II
• Many point to General Tojo as the true leader of
  Japan
• When he spoke to Surrender at the end of WWII, it
  was the first time ordinary citizens had ever
  heard his voice

14
Soviet Union (ALLIES)

• Josef Stalin (leader of Soviet Union from
  1922-1953)
• Real name was Joseph Vissarionovich Jugashvili
• He adopted the Russian name STALIN, which MEANS
  STEEL
• Aspired to be a Priest
• Estimates range from 10,000,000-30,000,000 people
  killed during Stalins regime (more than the
  Holocaust)

15
United States (ALLIES)

• Harry Truman (President 1945-1953)
• -he was Chosen as Roosevelts Vice President for
  his 4th term in 1944

• Franklin Delanoe Roosevelt (1933-1945)
• Only President to serve more than two terms
  (elected to four terms)
• He Died on April 12, 1945 (May 8th war ended in
  Europe)

16
8-11

1. British leader during MOST of WWII
2. American leader during most of WWII
3. Leader of the National Socialist German Workers
   Party (NAZI)
4. Leader of Japan
5. Il Duce Leader of Italy

8. Mussolini 9. Churchill 10. Roosevelt 11.
Hitler
17
Leaders of the War
Democracy
Fascism
Communism
18
Review What did the Treaty of Versailles Say
about Germany???
Type of Govt Economy Govt rights Ex.
Totalitarian Soviet Union
Democracy Voting for leaders
Capitalism
Review Fill in the missing boxes on the Table
19
Review

• Read The Treaty of Versailles in the BLUE BOOK
  on page 677
• What did the Treaty of Versailles do to Germany?

20
Lend-Lease opener

• First line the document, then, with your
  partner, answer each question COMPLETELY.
• When you are done
• Go through notes 2 with your partner
• HIGHLIGHT answers to 2 OBJ box
• CIRCLE vocabulary words

21
Statistics of Lend-Lease

• From 1942 to September 1945, the Soviet Union
  received 9,000 tanks or self-propelled guns,
  362,000 trucks, 47,000 jeeps, 131,633 submachine
  guns, 3,000 rocket launchers, 14,000,000 boots,
  532,000 tons of U.S. sugar, 485,000 tons of
  canned meat (i.e., Spam) and hundreds of other
  items. Twenty percent of the Lend-Lease supplies
  the Soviets received were military, while the
  rest were food, metals, chemicals, petroleum
  products, and factory machinery.

22
2. Describe the major causes of WWII in Europe.
How did the Depression and WWI play a role? What
did Hitler say was his reason for expanding
Germanys borders? Name 2 territories Hitler
added before fighting. Name and describe the type
of warfare Hitler used. What was the reaction of
the U.S. to war in Europe?
The German inflation of 1923 one dollar worth
trillions of marks.
II. Major Causes of WWII in Europe A. WWI
Depression Major Causes 1. Winners of WWI
harsh on Germany (Reparations Small
Military)- Humiliation 2. Great Depression
hurts Europe (Germany Bad) a.
Fascist think Democracy is Weak cant help B.
Rise of Fascism due to WWI Depression 1.
Italy the 1st Fascist Country a. Upset
it didnt get more after WWI b. Benito
Mussolini comes to power in 1922 2. Germany
Adolf Hitler a. NAZI-
National Socialist German Worker
Party b.
Uses Thugs Brown Shirts to beat up
opponents critics (Young
men , no jobs) c. Wants
to blame everyone for Germanys
trouble Jews, Democracy!!, The
Allies d. Never Had
Majority- Scared or Killed
People
Mussolini and Hitler
23
(No Transcript)
24
Review What is the definition of PROPAGANDA????
25
Review

• Define lebensraum and appeasement
• Provide at least two possible reasons why
  countries did not stop Hitler sooner

26
(No Transcript)
27
C. Hitlers Goals For Revenge!! 1.
LEBENSRAUM -Living Space for Germans
a. Take land from non-Germans
(Less Human) and give to his even if in
another country b. Adds Land no
Fighting APPEASEMENT
-Britain France give land to avoid War
-Austria, Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia-
all) 2. Builds Huge Military
a. Modern Army with Tanks, Planes
ships -All move Fast work together
(radio) b. BLITZKREIG- Lightning War
-Nazi's Practice in Spain to help Fascist
fight in that Country (Franco)
Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister of Great
Britain, was the face of appeasement
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
Critical Thinking Why would Adolf Hitler and the
Soviet Union want to make a peace treaty, at
least for awhile (they are BITTER ENEMIES)????
D. War The Reaction 1. Hitler Invades
Poland Sept. 1, 1939 a. Uses
Blitzkrieg destroys Poland b.
Britain France declare WAR -Appeasement was a
Joke -Hitler had secret treaty with Soviets
(Stalin) 2. United
States Reaction a. Officially Neutral
Isolationist -Many famous people almost
like Hitler (Ford, Kennedy, Lindbergh)
b. Great Britain all Alone!!!
(Churchill) -France got butt kicked Germany
controls it -Germany bombing Britain
Planning Attack c. Roosevelt helps
Britain -Lend Lease policy (Boats/Guns)
-Atlantic Charter- US/Britain are Friends
-U.S. begins to build up own Military
Map showing the Sudetenland, the new protectorate
of Bohemia-Moravia, and how Poland was divided
after its invasion.
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
Read THE JAPANESE THREAT in the BLUE BOOK,
pages748-749, with your partner

1. In what ways does JAPANs role in ASIA parallel,
   or mirror, what Germany was doing in Europe?
2. What action(s) by the United States led to Japan
   planning an attack on Pearl Harbor?
3. What parts of the Pearl Harbor were a SUCCESS for
   Japan? What could be considered a failure?
4. What dominoes fell in the days after December 7,
   1941?
5. In your opinion, do you think the United States
   would have joined World War II eventually? Why or
   why not?

37
3. Explain Japans expansion in the Pacific.
Who had taken control of the Japanese government?
Which country suffered the most from this
expansion? What were their goals for the attack
of Pearl Harbor?
III. Japans Expansion in the Pacific A.
Military takes control of Japan 1.
Emperor Hirohitos power?????
(Prisoner??) a. General Tojo in
real power 2. Wants Japan to be Equal to
European Powers a. Believes they
are better than all Asians
just like Germany in Europe
(which ISM???) b. Signs Treaty
with Germany
Japanese Prime Minister Tojo (center) toasting
alliance with Germany
38
B. Japan wants Raw Materials
Colonies 1. Invades China, Korea,
British Colonies a. Brutal to China
Rape of Nanking -Murder
MILLIONS of Chinese 2. Only competition in
Pacific is the Unites States a. U.S.
has Philippines, Hawaii, Samoa,
Alaska
39
Locate the areas the United States controlled in
the Pacific
40
Pearl Harbor Map
41
(No Transcript)
42
Pearl Harbor

• Pacific Navy stationed there
• If Japan is to be attacked by America, how would
  it be done???
• Goal is to CRIPPLE U.S.

43
Facts from attack

• Facts first wave 181 planes, second wave 170
  planes
• Over 90 ships anchored, 21 ships sunk/damaged,
  188 airplanes destroyed 159 damaged, 2403 people
  killed
• Only 29 planes failed to return
• Of the damaged ships, only THREE did not return
  to action, plus AIRCRAFT CARRIERS were not in
  Pearl Harbor!

44
C. Attacking the U.S. Pearl Harbor 1. Japan
thinks U.S. is Racist (true) will try to stop
them from growing (true) a.
U.S. stopped selling Steel limits
trade to them 2. Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii- Dec. 7th, 1941 a. Goal
to destroy U.S. AIRCRAFT
CARRIERS - Carriers out to
sea they survive b. Surprise
Attack U.S. should have
known -Japanese Code
Broke 3. Waking a Sleeping Dog
a. Japanese General said it was a
mistake b. U.S.
declares War -Roosevelt A day that will
live in infamy Germany declares
war on U.S.
The USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Aircraft damage at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii from
Japanese attack.
45
Location of ships
Major Ships at harbor USS Arizona - Magazine
explosion, sunk with few survivors USS California
- Sunk USS Maryland - Damaged USS Nevada -
Damaged and run aground USS Oklahoma - Capsized
and sunk USS Pennsylvania - Damaged. The
Pennsylvania was in dry dock USS Tennessee -
Damaged USS West Virginia - Sunk
46
The USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
47
Battleships USS West Virginia and USS Tennessee
after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec.
7, 1941.
48
Photograph of the USS Nevada beached at Hospital
Point after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
49
Aircraft damage at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii from
Japanese attack.
50
Captured Japanese photograph taken during the
attack on Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941. In the
foreground, part of Battleship Row. In the
distance, the smoke rises from Hickam Field.
51
(No Transcript)
52
Rotation Questions

• Rotation One Rationing
• Explain why rationing was needed
• Predict and Explain which item was needed most
  for the war effort
• Explain which item would be hardest for you to
  ration
• Rotation Two Women in War
• Explain the acronyms WACS and WAVES
• Women were needed because
• Just recently women were recognized for their
  service in WWII, why do you think it took so long
  (64 years)?
• Rotation Three Psychological Warfare
• 1) Choose one, explain what you see
• 2) Imagine being a soldier and picking this up
  what impact might it have?
• 3) Any negatives parts of this leaflet? Explain
• 4) What other ways could you play mind games
  with your opponents?

53
(No Transcript)
54
6. Describe how Americans helped the war effort
at home. What group faced discrimination during
the war? How? What is the Selective Service?
What did the U.S. do to make sure there were
enough supplies and food for troops?
VI. Everyone Helps at Home A. Factories Farms
Roar 1. Huge amounts produced NO Bombing
makes it easy 2. Ladies to the
Rescue Women take factory jobs (Rosie the
Riveter) B. Ration Books Coupons that limit
how much of anything you can buy in a time (week,
month, year) 1. Tires / Shoes / Sugar /
Butter / Gas 2. Some things not
available Panty Hose
(Parachutes) C. We Need Troops 1.
Selective Service (Draft) a. Men 18-35
must serve if called b. Still around
today (Register _at_ 18) 2. Women Serve (WACs
WAVES) a. Army Navy womens
service (Pilots, Nurses)
55
Types of rationing included Uniform coupon
rationing (sugar is an example) provided equal
shares of a single commodity to all consumers 
Point rationing provided equivalent shares of
commodities by coupons issued for points which
could be spent for any combination of items in
the group (processed foods, meats, fats, cheese)
Differential coupon rationing provided shares
of a single product according to varying needs
(gasoline, fuel oil) and Certificate
rationing allowed individuals products only after
an application demonstrated need (tires, cars,
stoves, typewriters).
56
(No Transcript)
57
(No Transcript)
58
D. Racism at Home (Fighting NAZIs???) 1.
Japanese-Americans Not loyal??
a. Starts in Pearl Harbor Not
trusted Ex.-Planes b.
Japanese Internment Camps -Japanese
on west Cost moved to Camps
-Lose Property / Homes /
Business -Supreme Court
Roosevelt Support It 2.
Army Still Segregated a. Tuskegee
Airmen All Black fighter
pilots b. Nisei Battalion Japanese
Am. Fight in Italy c.
Navajo Code Talkers Native Am.
Use language as radio men to keep
Japanese clueless
59

• 2. Army still segregated
• a. Tuskegee Airmen All Black fighter
  pilots
• b. Nisei Battalion Japanese Amer.
• fight in Italy
• c. Navajo Code Talkers Native Amer.
• use language as radio men to keep
• Japanese clueless

60
Poster

• Meaning Must have people do SOMETHING war
  related and be for a certain AUDIENCE
• Illustration Must include a picture or symbol
• Statement Must include WORDS that relate to
  message
• On BACK 4-6 sentence EXPLANATION of your poster,
  the meaning, the illustration, and WHY you think
  poster will work!

61
D. Racism at Home (Fighting NAZIs???) 1.
Japanese-Americans Not loyal??
a. Starts in Pearl Harbor Not
trusted Ex.-Planes b.
Japanese Internment Camps -Japanese
on west Cost moved to Camps
-Lose Property / Homes /
Business -Supreme Court
Roosevelt Support It 2.
Army Still Segregated a. Tuskegee
Airmen All Black fighter
pilots b. Nisei Battalion Japanese
Am. Fight in Italy c.
Navajo Code Talkers Native Am.
Use language as radio men to keep
Japanese clueless
62
(No Transcript)
63
(No Transcript)
64
(No Transcript)
65
Nisei Battalion consisted mainly of 2nd
generation Japanese-Americans from Hawaii, they
were called the Purple Heart Battalion due to
their high casualty rate.
66
Code Talkers
67
4. Explain Hitlers defeat. What two types of
governments teamed up to defeat Hitler? Why was
that important geographically? What was D-Day?
Name the American general in charge of the
Allies. What happened to Hitler?
OBJ 4 IV. Hitlers Defeat in Europe A.
Germany Unstoppable Early 1. Blitzkrieg Kills
Poland France (1939, 1940) 2. The Battle of
Britain Britain Becomes Fortress (July 1940)
a. Germany Bombs daily air attack
before land invasion b. RAF fights back,
destroying 2,300 Luftwaffe aircraft!!! (RADAR)
c. Churchill Never Surrender
The British Bulldog Winston Churchill
Firemen battle the flames of a German bombing
attack on London, 1941
68
Poster referring to the bravery of the RAF during
the Battle of Britain
69
Map of Early War in Europe
70
Germany fights on two fronts
71
B. Tag Team Enemies 1. Hitler Invades
Soviet Union (1941- Barbarossa)
a. Soviets being killed like
crazy b. Siege of Leningrad - Slash
Burn Retreat 2. Britain
U.S. Help Soviets a. I would favor
the devil if it was against
Germany Winston Churchill
b. FDR sends aid to Soviets
(Isolationist Mad) U.S fear
communist more!!! c. German has to
fight on both fronts!!! -U.S.
Britain in West Soviets in East 3.
Germany declares war on U.S. after
Pearl Harbor a. SMART????? Why Not?
What happened to the Soviet-German NON-aggression
pact???
72
C. Attacking the German Empire 1. Africa
a. German Gen. Rommel Desert Fox
-Kicked butt early b. U.S. joins fight
Helps British (U.S. bad)
c. Germany kicked out of Africa in 1942 2.
Italy (1943) a. Starts in Southern Italy
with Paratroopers sea Landings
b. Mussolini Overthrown by
Italians -Executed
dragged through
Streets c. Germans still fight in Italy
against Allies (forced to keep
troops there)
Landings on Sicily practice for later????
73
(No Transcript)
74
3. D-Day (Normandy) June 6, 1944
a. Allies Invade France
(Operation Overlord) -General
Eisenhower Supreme
Commander Wrote failure letter just in case
-Germany had France for 4yrs.
-Builds huge Fortress along
coast to prevent an attack
b. Huge DEADLY attack
150,000 men -Dropped on
Beach to face machine guns
c. 1 Million more men in
France in 6 weeks!!!!!
U.S. Army troops administer first aid to the
survivors of sunken landing craft, on "D-Day", 6
June 1944.
Coast Guard manned USS LST-21 unloads British
Army tanks and trucks onto a "Rhino" barge during
the early hours of the invasion, 6 June 1944
75
Landing ships putting cargo ashore on one of the
invasion beaches, at low tide during the first
days of the operation, June 1944.
76
Coast Guard manned USS LST-21 unloads British
Army tanks and trucks onto a "Rhino" barge during
the early hours of the invasion, 6 June 1944
77
U.S. Army troops administer first aid to the
survivors of sunken landing craft, on "D-Day", 6
June 1944.
78
Army troops wade ashore on "Omaha" Beach during
the "D-Day" landings, 6 June 1944.
79
U.S. Soldiers of the 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th
Infantry Division, move out over the seawall on
"Utah" Beach, after coming ashore.
80
D. Germany is Defeated 1. Germanys Last
Chance- Battle of the Bulge
a. Germany defeated but huge
battle 2. U.S Britain Bomb
Germany a. U.S in Day Britain in Night
(Deadly Job) -Huge
losses in factories Supplies 3. Soviets
start to win in East a. Russian Winter
Freezes Germans (too far from
base) E. V-E Day (Victory Europe) 1.
Hitlers Suicide April 30, 1945 a.
Germany Surrenders May 7, 1945
-Soviets capture Berlin 2.
U.S. Soviets meet 60mi south of
Berlin a. Start of
Communism v.
Democracy (Cold War)
81
Battle of the Bulge
82
Battle of
the Bulge
83
Rifle and helmet traditional tribute to a fallen
soldier
84
(No Transcript)
85
Letter

• Look at letter
• Who was it written by? To? When?
• Just based on these three details, tell me what
  you already know or can infer
• Read through letter with partner, what do you
  think the letter is about? Why was it written?
  What did the author want?

86
Goal for the week

• With everything that we do, keep this in mind
• Was the United States justified in using an
  atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and
  Nagasaki? (copy this down on BACK of notes 5 on
  study guide)
• During video, take down notes about Japanese
  civilians and Japanese soldiers!

87
Video

• Write descriptive words to show how it would be
  to fight against Japan, or descriptive words that
  are about Japan

88
5. What approach did the U.S. use to take back
the Pacific from the Japanese? Describe the
approach to fighting taken by the Japanese that
made the battles so deadly. What U.S. general
was in charge of defeating the Japanese?
Describe the events of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Why did the U.S. believe they needed to take
these actions?
V. U.S. Island Hopping Japan to Defeat A.
Japans 6 Months of Victory 1. Pearl
Harbor Great Attack but Misses
_______ 2. Japan Conquers Pacific Asia
a. Philippines Taken (MacArthur- I
shall return)
b. Guam / Wake Is. /Singapore /
Hong Kong 3. Japanese Brutal to Prisoners
Civilians a.
Executions / Starvation / Torture
(Bataan death march)
89
(No Transcript)
90

• V. U.S. Island Hopping Japan to Defeat
• A. Japans 6 months of victory
• 1. Pearl HarborGreat attack but
• missed ____________
• 2. Japan conquers Pacific and Asia
• a. Philippines taken
  (MacArthur- I
• shall return)
• b. Guam/Wake/Singapore/Hong
  Kong
• 3. Japanese brutal to prisoners/civilians
• a. Executions/starvation/t
  orture
• (Bataan Death March)

91
B. Island Hopping to Victory General McArthur
1. May June 1942 a. Battle of
Coral Sea Battle of Midway Japanese
Aircraft Carriers sunk 2. Horrible Fights
a. Japanese fight to the Death (Suicide
attacks) b. Battle of Iwo Jima
(Flag Picture) c. Kamikaze- Suicide
Planes
92
On Okinawa, just 350 miles from Japan, a Marine
dashes through Japanese machine gun fire while
crossing a draw, called 'Death Valley' by the men
fighting there. Marines sustained more than 125
casualties in eight hours crossing this valley.
May 1945.
93
C. The Bomb Hiroshima Nagasaki 1.
Manhattan Project a. Secret project to
build Atomic Bomb
-Einstein told Roosevelt about
Germanys plans/ ambitions for
one b. Dr. Oppenheimer from Univ.
of California -Plus
a ton of others in secret cities 2.
Why???????? a. Japanese promise EVERY
man, woman and CHILD will fight
to DEATH!!! b.
President Truman told 1mill.
Soldiers might die c. Already bombed
Cities in Japan Germany
-Dresden in Germany Fire Storm
Areas important to the building of the bomb
Los Alamos, New Mexico was chosen as the site to
TEST the bomb due to its geography and isolation
94
3. When August 1945 a. Truman warns-
Prompt Utter Destruction b.
Hiroshima August 6, 1945 -Enola Gay
dropped bomb Little Boy c. Nagasaki August
9, 1945 -Box Car drops Fat Man
d. 110,000 Killed Radiation deaths
later -U.S. studies bomb victims
The ruins around the Industrial Promotion Hall,
now known as the Atomic Bomb Dome in Hiroshima.
(Aug. 6, 1945)
On August 9, 1945, the American B-29 bomber,
Bock's Car left Tinian carrying Fat Man, a
plutonium implosion-type bomb. It was dropped on
Nagasaki.
95
Paul Tibbets, Enola Gay Pilot
Enola Gay Crew
Hiroshima Bomb victim
Nagasaki Bomb Damage
96
Atomic aftermath the destruction of Hiroshima,
Japan, after the bombing in 1945.
97
(No Transcript)
98
D. Japan Surrenders Aug. 14, 1945 V-J DAY 1.
Emperor Announces surrender on radio a. 1st
time Japanese have heard his voice 2. Japan
surrenders to McArthur on USS
Missouri 3. U.S. takes control of Japan
Creates new Govt E. Battle Results
1. Battle Dead
Britain U.S. Soviets Japan
Soldiers 303,000 322,000 7,500,000 1,576,000
Civilians 85,000 0 20,000,000 300,000
99
b. unconditional surrender -Both
Germany and Japan Japan-U.S. military
control Germany- Split sectors
controlled by Allies (Berlin in USSR
sector but still split)
-totally at mercy of victors c. Soviets and
U.S. WORLD POWERS -Old European powers
destroyed by war ex. France and Britain
-Fascism dead, democracy must face the
devil (communism) narrated
100
USS Missouri
101
Gen. Douglas MacArthur signs as Supreme Allied
Commander during formal surrender ceremonies on
the USS MISSOURI in Tokyo Bay. September 2, 1945.
102
Provide a heading for each picture!!!