Unit 1, Chapter 3

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Unit 1, Chapter 3

• The American Colonies Take Shape

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I said hey, hey, I said hey whats going on?

• 1689
• Englands Glorious Revolution begins a bill of
  rights
• 1705
• Virginia introduces harsher slave codes

• 1707
• England, Scotland, and Wales join to form United
  Kingdom of Great Britain
• 1735
• John Paul Zengers trail becomes foundation for
  freedom of the press

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I said hey, hey, I said hey whats going on?

• 1736
• Qianlong becomes emperor of China
• 1740
• Great Awakening begins
• 1748
• Montesquieus The Spirit of the Laws

• 1754
• B. Franklin draws up Albany Plan of Union
• 1754-1763
• French and Indian War
• 1760
• George III becomes King of England
• 1763-1764
• Pontiacs Rebellion
• 1763
• Treaty of Paris ends war b/t FR and GB

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Section 1Immigration Slavery

• Europeans Migrate to the Colonies
• Main Idea After a difficult start, the American
  colonies began to grow steadily. New immigrants
  from England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, and
  other nations brought diversity and growth to the
  region.
• Africans Are Transported to America
• Main Idea As English immigration began to
  decline in the 1600s, the demand for labor grew
  in the colonies. As a result, many colonists
  turned to another source of labor enslaved
  Africans.
• Africans in the Americas
• Main Idea Although enslaved Africans came from
  different countries, spoke various languages, and
  had many cultural differences, over time they
  forged a new culture as African Americans.

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Who is here?

• By 1700 250,000 Europeans in the colonies
• Rise ten times in 75 years
• 90 English why?
• 1/2 indentured servants
• Scots lived in backwoods (2nd)
• Germans (many to Penn 3rd)
• What is good about so many immigrants?

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The Colonies Grow
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The Africans are coming

• English immigration declined and need for labor
  (crops) grew.
• African workers at first treated as indentured
  servants.
• Freed after years of service (rights)
• Mid 1600s slavery laws

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Transatlantic Slave Trade Middle Passage
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Transatlantic Slave Trade

• 1700s, GB imported 1.5 mil slaves.
• 250,000 to the colonies
• 1.) Slave traders sailed from Europe to Africa
• Traded manufactured goods for Africans
• 2.) Middle Passage shippers brought slaves to
  colonies.
• 3.) Traders returned to own country.

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Middle Passage

• Watch scenes from Amistad
• Brutal conditions
• Little food/water, disease spread, no medicine,
  shackles, kept under deck, crowded, separated
  from families, branded painfully, stifling and
  dirty air, etc.
• 10 did not survive

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Slavery in the Colonies

• In NE and Mid house slaves
• South hard labor
• 40 of pop in Chesapeake Bay area
• Poor living conditions, hard long work
• Kept African culture
• Blended Christianity w/ own religion

• Some rebellion (Stono and escape)
• Welcomed in FL why?
• Free?
• Some rare
• Phillis Wheatley
• 1st African American to publish book of poems

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Section 2 The AmericanColonies and England

• Government in the Colonies
• Main Idea Having different types of regional
  government, the colonies were disunited, and the
  English monarchy exercised little control over
  them.
• Englands Economic Relationship With the Colonies
• Main Idea The purpose of the English colonies
  was to increase Englands wealth and power. The
  economic philosophy of mercantilism supported
  those ideas.
• New Ideas Affect the American Colonies
• Main Idea The intellectual movement known as the
  Enlightenment challenged old ways of thinking
  about science, religion, and government.
  Enlightenment ideas changed the way American
  colonists viewed the world as well.

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Government in the Colonies

• North America was good for England
• 1.) Colonies supplied food and raw materials.
• 2.) They bought large amounts of GB goods.
• Got left alone
• English Civil War
• Between Charles I and Parliament
• Again, got left alone
• Salutary neglect

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Salutary Neglect spawnsDemocracy

• Early English Documents
• Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights
• Habeas corpus
• Enlightened thinkers Locke Montesquieu
• Freedom of the Press?!!?
• John Peter Zenger

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Britain's Colonial PolicyEarly 1700s

• Mercantilism

• Colonial Govts

• Get gold/ by exporting more than importing
• Colonies should just buy from GB
• Not manufacture or export

• Each colony creates own assembly
• House of Burgesses (VA)
• Gov appt. by King
• Navigation Acts
• Export crops and raw materials to England on GB
  ships
• Manufactured goods bought from GB

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Colonial Life

• Gentry
• Wealthy, politics
• Trade people farmers
• Next rank
• Silversmiths, printers, small farmers
• Women
• Ran house/fam
• Cant vote or own land
• Children
• Few attend school worked

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Colonial Education

• Not compulsory
• New England became leaders
• Why? Protestants want to read Bible
• 1647 Mass law of 50
• Girls?
• Home school?
• College? ministers and lawyers
• By 1740s 3 colleges
• Harvard (MA), William Mary (VA), Yale (CT)

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• The Enlightenment
• Movement led by thinkers who believed all
  problems could be solved using human reason.
• Why is this important for US history?
• How does it impact religion?
• Dont forget how imp this is ever heard of the
  Salem Witch Trails??

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Religious Tensions

• GB colonists mostly
• Southern Presbyterians, Quakers in Penn, etc.
• Ministers believed colonists werent pious
  enough!
• Led revivals to renew religious zest.
• Preaching impacted young audience
• Great Awakening!!!!

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The Great Awakening

• Why the name?
• Religious revival Jonathan Edwards, MA
• Remind people of power/God

• Created a feeling of independence
• People spoke for themselves
• Relied less on ministers
• George Whitfield
• Toured colonies 7 times
• Anyone can have relationship with J.C.

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Significance of the Great Awakening

• 1740s and 1750s many became Baptist
• Methodist and Baptists were middle of bottom of
  society
• Introduced idea of equality
• Everyone can have relationship with J.C.
• Revival in religion

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Section 3 Comparing Regional Cultures

• Regional Economic Patterns
• Main Idea Variations in geography and climate
  contributed to the differences between life in
  New England, the Middle Colonies, and the South.
  Farming prevailed more in the Middle Colonies
  than in New England, and the South succeeded at
  producing the most valuable and profitable crops.
• Regional Social Patterns
• Main Idea The three colonial regions varied in
  terms of social characteristics. Access to
  education and different settlement patterns
  helped to create distinct features in each of the
  regions.

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Diverse Economies

• Spanish mined silver, grew sugar
• French fur trade
• GB regions differed
• Southern
• Staple crops tobacco and rice, used slaves
• Middle
• Mix of farming and commerce
• New England
• Carrying trade
• Triangular Trade

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Dame Schools
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Section 4 Wars of Empire

• European Competition and the Colonies
• Main Idea Between 1689 and 1748, the British and
  the French fought a series of wars. Most of the
  fighting occurred in Europe, but some spilled
  over into North America. The colonies suffered
  from raids by the French and their Indian allies.
• The French and Indian War
• Main Idea Both France and Britain claimed
  ownership of the fertile Ohio River valley.
  Frances act of building a fort there angered the
  British and eventually led to a conflict called
  the French and Indian war.
• Pontiacs Rebellion
• Main Idea After their conquest of Canada,
  England cut off delivery of goods to the Indians
  and flooded Indian lands. In response, many
  Indian groups held an uprising that came to be
  known as Pontiacs Rebellion.
• Aftermath of the War
• Main Idea England faced a large war debt
  following the French and Indian War and had to
  pay a high price to guard their new territory.
  The British imposed new taxes and colonial trade
  regulations to pay for this, angering the
  colonists.

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The French Indian War (1756 1763)
The Great War for Empire
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Was 1763 a "turning point" in
British-colonial relationships???
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North America in 1750
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1754 ? The First Clash
The Ohio Valley
British
French
Fort Necessity Fort
Duquesne George Washington
Delaware Shawnee
Indians
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1754 ? Albany Plan of Union
Ben Franklin ? representatives from
New England, NY, MD, PA

• Albany Congress ? failed Iroquois
  broke off relations with
  Britain threatened to
  trade with the French.

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1755 ? Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Presence in
No. Amer.
Gen. Edward Braddock ? evict the French from the
OH Valley Canada (Newfoundland Nova Scotia)

• Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, Acadia.

• Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne ? by 1500
  French and Indian forces.

Only Br. Success ? expelled France
from Louisiana.
CAJUNS
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1756 ? War Is Formally Declared!
Lord Loudouin
Marquis de Montcalm
Native American tribes exploited both sides!
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British-American Colonial Tensions
British
Colonials

• March in formation or bayonet charge.

• Indian-style guerilla tactics.

Methods ofFighting

• Br. officers wanted to take charge of
  colonials.

• Col. militias served under own captains.

MilitaryOrganization

• Drills tough discipline.

• No mil. deference or protocols observed.

MilitaryDiscipline

• Colonists should pay for their own defense.

• Resistance to rising taxes.

Finances

• Prima Donna Br. officers with servants
  tea settings.

• Casual, non-professionals.

Demeanor
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1757 ? William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister

• He understood colonial concerns.

• He offered them a compromise

- col. loyalty mil. cooperation--gtBr.
would reimburse col. assemblies for their
costs.
- Lord Loudoun would be removed.
RESULTS? ? Colonial morale
increased by 1758.
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1758-1761 ? The Tide Turns for England
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1763 ? Treaty of Paris
France --gt lost her Canadian possessions, most of
her empire in India, and claims to lands east of
the Mississippi River.
Spain --gt got all French lands west of the
Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida
to England.
England --gt got all French lands in Canada,
exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and
commercial dominance in India.
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North America in 1763
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Effects of the War on Britain?
1. It increased her colonial empire in the
Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged Englands debt.
3. Britains contempt for the colonials
created bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that amajor
reorganization of her American Empire was
necessary!
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Effects of the War on the American Colonials
1. It united them against a common enemy for
the first time.
2. It created a socializing experience for
all the colonials who participated.
3. It created bitter feelings towards the
British that would only intensify.
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The Aftermath Tensions Along the Frontier
1763 ? Pontiacs Rebellion
Fort Detroit
British gifts of smallpox-infected blankets
from Fort Pitt.
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Pontiacs Rebellion (1763)
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BACKLASH!
British ? Proclamation Line of 1763.
Colonials ? Paxton Boys (PA)