Chapter%205%20

1
Chapter 5 Crisis in the Colonies
2
5.1 MAIN IDEA

• BRITAINS VICTORY IN THE FRENCH INDIAN WAR
  MARKED THE END OF THE FRENCH EMPIRE IN NORTH
  AMERICA.

3
5.1 The French Indian War

• I. European Rivals in North America-France
  Britain
• Conflict in the Ohio Valley
• 1. The most serious threat come from France-it
  claimed area from St. Lawrence River to Great
  Lake to Gulf of Mexico
• 2. Traders were crossing the Appalachians for
  fur trade
• 3. The Ohio River was important
• as a link between lands in
• Canada settlements along
• Mississippi River

4
5.1 The French Indian War

• B. Native Americans Choose Sides
• 1. English ally-Iroquois
• 2. French allies-Algonquins Hurons
• 3. French treatment of Indians-built strong
  bond with Indians because they didnt take their
  lands
• 4. British treatment of Indians-charged lower
  prices for trade goods took Indians land
• 5. Joseph Brant-Mohawk chief

5
5.1 British/ French Rivalry

• European powers competed for trade and colonies
  around the globe.
• France and England both claimed land in North
  America.
• English settlers pushing westward clashed with
  French fur traders in the Ohio Valley.
• Native Americans were caught up in the conflict.
  Algonquins and Hurons sided with the French.
  Iroquois supported the English.
• Why did France Britain want to control the
  Ohio Valley?

6
5.1 The French Indian War

• II. The French Indian War Begins-1754
• A. A Bold Young Leader-George Washington led
  American troops
• 1. Fort Duquesne-French fort built where
  Washington wanted to build his fort
• B. Conflict at Fort Necessity-Americans lost
  Washington captured but released

7
(No Transcript)
8
5.1 The French Indian War

• III. The Albany Congress
• A. Albany Plan of Union-tried to create one
  government for all 13 colonies colonies didnt
  accept
• B. Why did colonial assemblies reject the
  Albany Plan of Union?

9
5.1 The French Indian War

• IV. A String of British Defeats
• Disaster for Braddock
• 1. Fort Duquesne-British lost
• B. Further British Setbacks-put a strain on
  British alliance with Native Americans
• 1. Fort Oswego Fort William Henry-British lost

10
5.1 How Britain Almost Lost the War
11
5.1 The French Indian War

• V. The Tide of Battle Turns
• A. William Pitt, 1757-new head of British
  government
• 1. 1st job-win the war
• 2. Tide of war turned
• B. Louisbourg, 1758
• 1. General Amherst captured it
• 2. Most important fort in French Canada
• C. Fort Duquesne
• 1. Renamed Fort Pitt
• 2. Renamed Pittsburgh

12
5.1 How Britain Won the War
13
5.1 The French Indian War

• VI. The Fall of New France
• Battle for Quebec
• Montcalm-French general
• Importance of Quebec-
• Without it, French couldnt
• supply their forts farther up
• St. Lawrence River
• General Wolfe-British general surprised French
• When did New France fall? (What happened?)

14
5.1 The Treaty Of Paris

• The treaty marked the end of French power in
  North America.
• Britain gained Canada and all French lands east
  of the Mississippi River except New Orleans.
• France kept two islands in the Gulf of St.
  Lawrence.
• France kept some sugar-growing islands in the
  West Indies.
• Spain gave up Florida to Britain.
• Spain received New Orleans and all French land
  west of the Mississippi.
• Spain kept its empire in Central and South
  America.

15
5.1 Treaty of Paris
16
5.2 MAIN IDEA

• MANY COLONISTS OPPOSED PARLIAMENTS ATTEMPTS TO
  TIGHTEN CONTROL OVER BRITAINS NORTH AMERICAN
  EMPIRE.

17
5.2 Turmoil Over Taxation

• I. New Troubles on the Frontier
• Clashes with Native Americans
• Lord Jeffrey Amherst, 1762-he let settlers build
  farms forts on Indian lands
• B. War on the Frontier
• 1. Pontiacs War, 1763-
• didnt last long because
• war was over France
• had lost

18
5.2 Turmoil Over Taxation

• II. Proclamation of 1763-
• A. Why?
• B. Purpose?
• C. Colonists reaction?
• D. How did Pontiacs War the Proclamation of
  1763 grow out of the migration of colonists?
• E. Daniel Boone-defied Proclamation

19
Proclamation of 1763
20
5.2 Turmoil Over Taxation

• III. Britain Imposes New
• Taxes
• 1. To pay for war
• Sugar Act, 1764-
• 1. George Greenville-British
• prime minister
• 2. Result-
• B. Stamp Act, 1765-

21
5.2 The Sugar Act the Stamp Act
22
5.2 Turmoil Over Taxation

• IV. Protesting the Stamp Act
• A. No Taxation Without Representation!
• B. Uniting in Peaceful Protest
• 1. Stamp Act Congress, 1765-colonists drew up
  petitions, rejected the Stamp Act said
  Parliament had no right to tax colonies
  Parliament ignored it
• 2. Petition-formal written
• request to someone in
• authority

23
5.2 Turmoil Over Taxation

• 3. Boycott-refuse to buy certain goods
  services
• a. Affect-hurt British trade
• 4. Repealed-canceled
• a. Stamp Act, 1766
• b. Parliament passed new law saying it had
  the right to raise taxes in all cases
  whatsoever.

24
5.2 Turmoil Over Taxation

• V. The Townshend Acts-taxed glass, paper,
  paint, lead tea
• Searching Without a Reason
• 1. Writs of assistance-legal
• document that let officers search a
• ships cargo for no reason
• a. Colonists angry-writs
• violated their rights as British
• citizens
• B. Colonial Protests Widen
• 1. Sons of Liberty Daughters
• of Liberty formed

25
5.2 The Townshend Acts
26
5.2 Turmoil Over Taxation

• VI. New Colonial Leaders
• In Massachusetts
• 1. Samuel Adams
• B. In Virginia
• 1. George Washington
• 2. Patrick Henry
• 3. Thomas Jefferson

27
5.2 Turmoil Over Taxation

• VII. The Boston Massacre
• A Bloody Night, 1770
• 1. Argument over Quartering
• Act
• 2. Crispus Attucks
• 3. Paul Revere
• 4. Committees of
• Correspondence-
• letter writing committee
• major tool of protest
• B. A Temporary Calm
• 1. Effects of Massacre-Quartering Act repealed
  taxes repealed except for Tea Act
• C. How did the Quartering Act the Townshend
  Acts lead to the Boston Massacre?
• D. What was a result of the Boston Massacre?

28
5.3 MAIN IDEA

• CRISES SUCH AS THE BOSTON TEA PARTY THE
  INTOLERABLE ACTS LED TO THE OUTBREAK OF FIGHTING
  BETWEEN BRITAIN THE COLONIES.

29
5.3 From Protest to Revolution

• I. A Dispute Over Tea
• Parliament Passes the Tea Act
• 1. Tea Act-1773
• a. British East India Company bought tea in
  Asia, sold it to colonial tea merchants who sold
  it to colonists
• b. Parliament lowered tea tax Company sold
  tea directly to colonists
• c. Tea Act angered colonists because it was a
  tax it angered merchants because it cut them out
  of the profits
• 2. Result-Boston Tea Party
• a. Sons of Liberty dressed
• up like Indians dumped tea

30
5.3 How a Dispute Over Tea Led to Tension

• The British East India Company sold tea to
  colonial tea merchants. The tea merchants sold
  the tea to the colonists for a higher price.
• When the British East India Company had money
  troubles, Parliament passed the Tea Act. The act
  said British East India Company could sell
  directly to colonists.
• American merchants protested being cut out of the
  tea trade. Other colonists said it was a trick to
  force colonists to pay the tax on tea.
• Colonists boycotted tea.
• The Boston Sons of Liberty showed their
  displeasure by staging the Boston Tea Party.
  Disguised as Indians, they raided three ships and
  dumped their cargo of tea into Boston harbor.

31
5.3 How Britain Punished Massachusetts

• Intolerable Actspassed to punish Massachusetts
  as a result of the Boston Tea Party.
• The port of Boston was closed.
• Massachusetts colonists could not hold town
  meetings more than once a year without the
  governors permission.
• Customs officers and other officials could be
  tried in Britain or Canada instead of in
  Massachusetts.
• A new Quartering Act said colonists must house
  British soldiers in their homes.
• Quebec Act-set up a government in Canada
  allowed religious freedom for French Catholics.
• What was a result of the Quebec Act?
• What was a result of the Intolerable Acts?

32
5.3 From Protest to Revolution

• C. How did the Intolerable Acts strengthen
  unity among the colonies?
• 1. 1st Continental Congress, 1774
• a. What did the 1st Continental Congress
  do?
• b. What was a result of the Congress?
• 2. Militia-an army of citizens who serve as
  soldiers during an emergency

33
5.3 From Protest to Revolution

• III. Lexington Concord
• Sounding the Alarm
• 1. Minutemen-volunteers in army
• 2. General Thomas Gage, 1775-British
• commander
• 3. Paul Revere
• B. The Shot Heard Round
• the World
• 1. Fighting ended all hope of a peaceful
• settlement
• 2. What triggered the fighting at Lexington
  Concord?
• 3. What was a result of Lexington Concord?

34
Causes Effects Leading to the American
Revolution

• Causes
• Alien Sedition Acts
• Quebec Act
• Tea Act
• Quartering Act
• Townshend Acts
• Sugar Act
• Stamp Act

• Effects
• Boston Tea Party
• Intolerable Acts
• Other colonies back Massachusetts
• Lexington Concord